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2a RRS > intro (pharmacology) > Flashcards

intro (pharmacology) Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacodynamics

A

how the drug interacts with the body

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2
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

how the body affects the drug

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3
Q

properties of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination

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4
Q

what is absorption

A

process of transfer from where the drug was administered to the circulation

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5
Q

what is distribution

A

drug transferred from general circulation to tissues and back (lipid soluble depends on blood flow, water soluble depends on rate of passage (channels)

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6
Q

what is metabolism

A

transformation of the drug molecule into a different molecule

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7
Q

excretion

A

mlecule expelled in liquid, solid or gaseous waste

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8
Q

what is elimination

A

removal of drugs activity from the body

metabolism and excretion

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9
Q

what is bioavailability

A

fraction of the administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation unaltered
IV=100%

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10
Q

what does adrenaline act on

A

sympathetic ns = adrenergic

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11
Q

what does acetyl choline act on

A

cholnergic systems - parasymp and somatic

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12
Q

action of alpha 2 adrenoceptors

A

inhib of norepinephrine release
inhib acetylcholine release
inhib insulin

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13
Q

dopamine agonist

A

bromocriptine or CABERGOLINE

prolactinoma, acromegaly

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14
Q

dopamine antagonist

A

anti-pyschotics

domperidone

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15
Q

gaba agonist

A

benzodiazepine

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16
Q

histamine 2 antagonist

A

ranitidine - used in peptic ulcers

along w omeprozole = PPI

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17
Q

cellulitis abx

A

flucoxacillin

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18
Q

uti abx

A

trimethoprim/ nitrofurantoin

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19
Q

Acute pyelonephritis abx

A

co-amoxiclav/ ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

gonorrhoea abx

A

ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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21
Q

chlamydia abx

A

doxycycline / azithromycin

22
Q

c diff abx

A

1st line - metronidazole

2nd - vancomycin

23
Q

action of aspirin

A

irreversible COX1 inhib

24
Q

NSAID action

A

non selective competitive reversible COX inhibition

25
Q

antiplatelets

A

clopidogrel prasugrel

26
Q

anticoagulants

A

heparin
warfarin
direct factor Xa inhib
thrombolytics

27
Q

what is heparin and what acts on (SE)

A

anti coag - activates antithrombin
LMWH same but with longer half life
SE - bleeding, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis

28
Q

what is wafarin what act on

A

anti vit K = less 10 9 7 2 factors
increased PTT/INR
bleeding skin necrosis TERATOGENIC
reversed w vit K

29
Q

e.g of a thrombolytic

A

ALTEPLASE - ACTIVATES PLASMINOGEN TO plasmin - increased PTT
SE - bleeding

30
Q

where do loop diuretics act

A

thick asc limb

se - gout

31
Q

where do thizide dieuretics act

A

distal tubule

SE - hypercalcaimia

32
Q

where does spirolactone act

A

collecting tubules - copetitive aldosterone receptor anatagonist
SE - antiandrogen effects - loss of libido , erectile dysfunction

33
Q

ACEi SE

A

cough, hypotension

34
Q

what does ACE do

A

catalyses conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 11

degraded by bradykinin

35
Q

SE of corticosteroids

A 
weight gain 
slow healing
increased infection risk
fatigue 
buffalo hump
moon face
SKIN -thin skin
acne
striae
PSYCHOLOGICAL 
depression
irritability 
loss of libido
VASCUALR
new or worsened high blood pressure
BONES
increase fracture risk
REPRO
irreg or absent periods
erectile dysfunction
36
Q

immunosuppressant example x2and SE

A

methotrexate (used in RA, psoriasis, chemo))
prevents folate synth = stops dna synth (give w folic acid)
SE = hepatotoxic, leukopenia, CKD
azathioprine - SE - N&V, hypersensitivity reactions bone marrow suppression
used in crohns, UC, RA, SLE , granulomatosis w polyangitis

37
Q

T2DM classes of drugs

A

biguanide
sulphonylurea
gliptin (DPP-4 inhib)
thiazolidinediones

38
Q

what is therapeutic ratio

A

narrow means an increased risk of toxicity decreased chance of effective dose

39
Q

examples of drugs with a narrow therapeutic index

A

digoxin
lithium
gentamicin

40
Q

less than an hour following ingestion what would u give a patient folowing overdose

A

PO activated charcoal

41
Q

how do opioids work

A

inhib descending pain signal acting on MU receptors

42
Q

why careful when give opiods orally

A

50%gets metabolized by the liver therefore give double the dose than vs IM SC or IV

43
Q

define adverse drug reactions

A

unwanted or harmful reaction following the adminerstration of a drug or combo of drugs under normal conditions of use and is suspected to be related to the drug

44
Q

drug interations 2 classes

A

synergy (together)

antagonism (against)

45
Q

where do u find m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 receptors

A 
m1- mainly brain
m2 - meainly heart (slows)
m3 - glandular and smooth buscle (bronchoconstriction, sweating, salivary gland secretion)
m4 - cns
m5 - cns
46
Q

effect when alpha 1 is activated

A

vasoconstriction, pupil dilates, urinary retention

47
Q

effect when alpha 2 activated

A

inhib release of NAd into cleft - reduces insulin production

48
Q

beta 1 activation

A

pos chronotropic effect on heart,
increased renin from kidney
increase bp

49
Q

beta 2 activation

A

broncho dilation, vasodilation, decreased gi motility

50
Q

beta 3 activation

A

increased lipolysis and relax of bladder

2a RRS (26 decks)

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