intro immunology Flashcards
innate vs adaptive immunity
innate = present at birth non specific and no memory annate = build up over time specific and memory
what makes up the adaptive immune systemn
antigen presenting cells major histocompatibility complex t helper cells cytotoxic t cells b cell antibodies
is humoral associated with extra or intra cellular antigens
humoral = b cell
assos with extracellular antigens
is cell mediated associated with extra or intra cellular antigens
assos with intracellular antigens
= t cells
examples of antigen presenting cells that present antigens to t cells
macrophages
dendritic cells
b cells
what are major histocompatiibilyt complkexes
proteins that mark a cell as self class 1 - all cells class 2 = certain immune cells - antigen presenting cells
what are t helper cells
stim proliferation of other t cells and stim b cells to produce antibodies - CD4 - extrinsic antigen
what are cytotoxic t cells
cd8
destroy infected body cells by apoptosis
class 1 MHC
intrinsic antigen
what are b cells
they regognise soluble antigens in the blood =
travel to lymph nodes
prliferate (clonal expanstion
defferentiate - plasma cells or mem b cells
what is IgM
first response to antigen
what is IgG
most common form and can cross the placenta - passive immunity
what is IgA
secreted from mucus membranes
what is IgE
histamine reactions and allergies (mast cells basophils)
what is IgD
b cell activation cant cross placenta
what is hypersensitivyt
extreme physcial sensitoivoty to particular substances of conditions e.g anaphylaxis
what is immunodeficiency
where immune systems ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent (HIV myeloma leukaemia)
what is autoimmunity
system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues (IBD, diabetes)
what is heavily involved in allergies and hypersensitivy
igE - expressed heavily on mast cells
what is the process of histamine relase
person comes into contact with allergen - binds to IgE on surface of mast cells - cross llinking of IgE causes activation of mast cell and histamine relaese
triggers of anaphylaxisis
pollen house dust mites animal fur foods
hypersesnitivity type 1
A - I - Allergy - atopy anaphylaxosis - fast mediated by IgE
hypersensitivity type 2
B - 11 - antiBody dependent - graves goodpastures - IgM or IgG
hypersensitivyt type 3
C - III - immune Complex - RA SLE - IgG depositied in vessel walls
hypersensitivity type 4
D - IV - Delayed - MS coeliac - slow as takes time for t cells to come in
