Intro Ch.1

Question 0

Pathogen

Answer 0

any foreign protein entering the body

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

any change in the bodys natural environment

causes: trauma, genetic, environment, hereditary

Question 2

Pathogenesis

Answer 2

cellular changes

Question 3

Symptoms

Answer 3

Patients perception of what is wrong

Hard to measure

Question 4

Signs

Answer 4

measurable symptoms such as temperature, BP, heart rate, swelling

Question 5

Syndrome

Answer 5

group of signs and symptoms associated to a specific abnormal disturbance

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

study of a disease

Question 7

nonsocomial

Answer 7

disease from an acute care facility, hospital or nursing home

Question 8

Iatrogenic

Answer 8

adverse reactions to medical treatment

ex: perforated lung from a swanz-ganz insertion

Question 9

Idiopathic

Answer 9

disease with no causative factor

Question 10

Acute

Answer 10

quick onset of disease

Question 11

Chronic

Answer 11

disease manifesting slowly and lasts a long time. It is progressive.
An acute disease can become chronic

Question 12

Diagnosis

Answer 12

naming the disease

Question 13

Prognosis

Answer 13

outcome of disease

Question 14

Subtractive/lytic/destrucive:

Answer 14

ex: osteoporosis

decreases/takes away

Question 15

Additive/sclerotic:

Answer 15

adds/increases

Question 16

Epidemiology

Answer 16

investigation of disease in large groups

Question 17

Mortality Rate

Answer 17

number of deaths by a disease in a population

Question 18

Morbidity Rate

Answer 18

rate of illness itself, occurances

ex: % of live births with defects

Question 19

NCHS

Answer 19

National Center for Health Statistics- entity obtaining statistics of diseases

Question 20

Congenital Disease

Answer 20

• present at birth
• genetic or environmental
  ex: Down’s syndrome

Question 21

Hereditary

Answer 21

Developmental disorders genetically transmitted from parent to child through abnormalities of genes in chromosomes
ex: hemophilia

Question 22

Difference between congenital and hereditary:

Answer 22

congenital is from within somatic cells

hereditary is from within sex cells

Question 23

Inflammatory

Answer 23

result from localized injurious agents

Question 24

Purpose of inflammation:

Answer 24

to prepare for healing and repair

Question 25

Auto-immune Disorders

Answer 25

form and injure patients own tissue | ex: rheumatoid arthritis

Question 26

Inflammatory Reaction

Answer 26

generalized pathologic process that is non specific to the agent causing the injury See FIG 1.3 in book

Question 27

Chronic Inflammation

Answer 27

- damage caused by injurious agents | - may or may not result in necrosis

Question 28

Acute Inflammation

Answer 28

- heat - redness of skin - swelling - pain - loss of function - elevated body temp

Question 29

Degenerative

Answer 29

disease caused by a deterioration of the body | cause- traumatic injury not limited to age

Question 30

Metabolic Disease

Answer 30

caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body ex: endocrine disorders

Question 31

Traumatic Diseases

Answer 31

result from the mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation

Question 32

Neoplastic

Answer 32

result in new abnormal tissue growth | ex: tumor or lesions

Question 33

Benign Neoplasm

Answer 33

noninvasive-depending on location it can effect other organs etc.

Question 34

Malignant Neoplasm

Answer 34

grows, spreads, invades other tissues, and destroys adjacent structures

Question 35

Name the types of metastatic spread of malignant cancer cells

Answer 35

- hematogenous - lymphatic - invasion - seeding

Question 36

Hematogenous Spread

Answer 36

spread of malignant cancer cells via blood vessels

Question 37

Lymphatic Spread

Answer 37

spread of malignant cancer cells via lymphatic system

Question 38

Invasion

Answer 38

spread into surrounding tissue by close proximity of the effected area

Question 39

Seeding

Answer 39

cancer cells travel to a distant site or distant organ system

Question 40

Name the 4 types of cancers dicussed

Answer 40

- carcinoma - sarcoma - leukemia - lymphoma

Question 41

Carcinoma

Answer 41

epithelial cells by nature

Question 42

Sarcoma

Answer 42

connective tissue cancers

Question 43

Leukemia

Answer 43

blood cancers

Question 44

Lymphoma

Answer 44

lymphatic cancer

Question 45

Palliative Treatment

Answer 45

reduces pain and suffering | ex: hospice care

Question 46

Curative Treatment

Answer 46

allows the patient to be free of disease for 5 years or more

Question 47

Adeno-

Answer 47

gland

Question 48

Angio-

Answer 48

vascular

Question 49

Chondro-

Answer 49

cartilage

Question 50

Fibro-

Answer 50

fibrous tissue

Question 51

Hemangio-

Answer 51

blood vessels

Question 52

Lipo-

Answer 52

Adipose tissue

Question 53

Myo-

Answer 53

muscle

Question 54

Neuro-

Answer 54

nerve

Question 55

Osteo-

Answer 55

bone

Question 56

Describe the TNM system

Answer 56

Tumor-Size of untreated tumor Node- Lymph node involvement Metastases- Rate of spread -The addition of numbers to these three letters indicates the extent of malignancy and the progressive increase in size or involvement of the tumor