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Pathology > Intro Ch.1 > Flashcards

Intro Ch.1 Flashcards

0
Q

Pathogen

A

any foreign protein entering the body

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1
Q

Disease

A

any change in the bodys natural environment

causes: trauma, genetic, environment, hereditary

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2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

cellular changes

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3
Q

Symptoms

A

Patients perception of what is wrong

Hard to measure

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4
Q

Signs

A

measurable symptoms such as temperature, BP, heart rate, swelling

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5
Q

Syndrome

A

group of signs and symptoms associated to a specific abnormal disturbance

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6
Q

Etiology

A

study of a disease

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7
Q

nonsocomial

A

disease from an acute care facility, hospital or nursing home

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8
Q

Iatrogenic

A

adverse reactions to medical treatment

ex: perforated lung from a swanz-ganz insertion

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9
Q

Idiopathic

A

disease with no causative factor

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10
Q

Acute

A

quick onset of disease

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11
Q

Chronic

A

disease manifesting slowly and lasts a long time. It is progressive.
An acute disease can become chronic

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12
Q

Diagnosis

A

naming the disease

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13
Q

Prognosis

A

outcome of disease

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14
Q

Subtractive/lytic/destrucive:

A

ex: osteoporosis

decreases/takes away

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15
Q

Additive/sclerotic:

A

adds/increases

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16
Q

Epidemiology

A

investigation of disease in large groups

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17
Q

Mortality Rate

A

number of deaths by a disease in a population

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18
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

rate of illness itself, occurances

ex: % of live births with defects

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19
Q

NCHS

A

National Center for Health Statistics- entity obtaining statistics of diseases

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20
Q

Congenital Disease

A
  • present at birth
  • genetic or environmental
    ex: Down’s syndrome
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21
Q

Hereditary

A

Developmental disorders genetically transmitted from parent to child through abnormalities of genes in chromosomes
ex: hemophilia

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22
Q

Difference between congenital and hereditary:

A

congenital is from within somatic cells

hereditary is from within sex cells

23
Q

Inflammatory

A

result from localized injurious agents

24
Q

Purpose of inflammation:

A

to prepare for healing and repair

25
Q

Auto-immune Disorders

A

form and injure patients own tissue

ex: rheumatoid arthritis

26
Q

Inflammatory Reaction

A

generalized pathologic process that is non specific to the agent causing the injury
See FIG 1.3 in book

27
Q

Chronic Inflammation

A
  • damage caused by injurious agents

- may or may not result in necrosis

28
Q

Acute Inflammation

A
  • heat
  • redness of skin
  • swelling
  • pain
  • loss of function
  • elevated body temp
29
Q

Degenerative

A

disease caused by a deterioration of the body

cause- traumatic injury not limited to age

30
Q

Metabolic Disease

A

caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body
ex: endocrine disorders

31
Q

Traumatic Diseases

A

result from the mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation

32
Q

Neoplastic

A

result in new abnormal tissue growth

ex: tumor or lesions

33
Q

Benign Neoplasm

A

noninvasive-depending on location it can effect other organs etc.

34
Q

Malignant Neoplasm

A

grows, spreads, invades other tissues, and destroys adjacent structures

35
Q

Name the types of metastatic spread of malignant cancer cells

A
  • hematogenous
  • lymphatic
  • invasion
  • seeding
36
Q

Hematogenous Spread

A

spread of malignant cancer cells via blood vessels

37
Q

Lymphatic Spread

A

spread of malignant cancer cells via lymphatic system

38
Q

Invasion

A

spread into surrounding tissue by close proximity of the effected area

39
Q

Seeding

A

cancer cells travel to a distant site or distant organ system

40
Q

Name the 4 types of cancers dicussed

A
  • carcinoma
  • sarcoma
  • leukemia
  • lymphoma
41
Q

Carcinoma

A

epithelial cells by nature

42
Q

Sarcoma

A

connective tissue cancers

43
Q

Leukemia

A

blood cancers

44
Q

Lymphoma

A

lymphatic cancer

45
Q

Palliative Treatment

A

reduces pain and suffering

ex: hospice care

46
Q

Curative Treatment

A

allows the patient to be free of disease for 5 years or more

47
Q

Adeno-

A

gland

48
Q

Angio-

A

vascular

49
Q

Chondro-

A

cartilage

50
Q

Fibro-

A

fibrous tissue

51
Q

Hemangio-

A

blood vessels

52
Q

Lipo-

A

Adipose tissue

53
Q

Myo-

A

muscle

54
Q

Neuro-

A

nerve

55
Q

Osteo-

A

bone

56
Q

Describe the TNM system

A

Tumor-Size of untreated tumor
Node- Lymph node involvement
Metastases- Rate of spread
-The addition of numbers to these three letters indicates the extent of malignancy and the progressive increase in size or involvement of the tumor

Pathology (10 decks)

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