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Pathology > Ch.12 Traumatic Diseases > Flashcards

Ch.12 Traumatic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Fractures of the spine are classified in what 2 ways?

A

Stable and Unstable

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2
Q

These types of spinal fractures leave 1 of the 2 major columns (rt and lt) of the spine intact.

A

Stable

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3
Q

These types of spinal fractures disrupt both major columns (rt and lt) of the spine.

A

Unstable

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4
Q

This is a communited fracture of C1 where the vertebral arch literally bursts from an axial force causing compression.

A

Jefferson Fracture

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5
Q

What structures make up the anterior column of the spine?

A

vertebral bodies

intervertebral disk spaces

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6
Q

What structures make up the posterior column of the spine?

A

spinous processes

lamina

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7
Q

This type of fracture mostly occurs at the base of the dens of C2.

A

Odontoid Fractures

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8
Q

How many types of odontoid fractures are there?

A

3- Type I are stable

Type II and III are unstable

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9
Q

This is a fracture of the C2 arch with subluxation of C2-3.

A

Hangmans Fracture

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10
Q

This is an avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower c-spine or upper t-spine.

A

Clay Shovelers Fracture

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11
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A

When a fragment of bone tears away from the main body of bone

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12
Q

This is a transverse fracture of the lumbar vertebral body associated with visceral injuries.

A

Seat Belt Fracture

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13
Q

This is an injury to the brain tissue caused by movement of the brain within the calvaria after blunt trauma to the skull. It occurs when the brain contacts rough skull surfaces.

A

Cerebral Contusion/ Concussion

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14
Q

Cerebral contusions usually appear on CT scans as what?

A

Low density areas of edema and tissue necrosis

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15
Q

This is a violent jarring or shaking of the brain that results in a disturbance of the brain function.

A

Concussion

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16
Q

This is caused by acute arterial bleeding usually from a laceration to the middle meningeal artery. It typically appears biconvex, peripheral and high density lesion.

A

Epidural Hematoma

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17
Q

This is caused by venous bleeding usually a vein between the dura and the other meninges.

A

Subdural Hematoma

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18
Q

Subdural Hematomas typically appear as what on a CT scan?

A

Cresent shaped, peripheral zone of increased density following the surface of the brain.

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19
Q

This is a traumatic hemorrhage into the brains parenchyma resulting from shear forces of intraparanchymal arteries.

A

Intracerebral Hematoma

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20
Q

Intracerebral Hematomas usually occur at what junction?

A

The junction of the gray and white matter.

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21
Q

What do intracerebral hematomas look like on a CT scan?

A

well- circumscribed, homogenous, high density regions often surrounded by low density edema

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of incomplete fractures?

A
  • Greenstick
  • Torus/Buckle
  • Incomplete
  • Penetrating
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23
Q

What is the difference between complete and incomplete fractures?

A

Complete fractures result in 2 bone fragments and incomplete still has one side of the bone cortex intact.

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24
Q

What is the difference between open and closed fractures?

A

Open fractures are associated with a skin wound whereas closed fractures leave the skin intact

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25
Q

This type of fracture line is horizontal to the long axis of the bone.

A

Transverse

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26
Q

This type of fracture line extends at an angle to the long axis of the bone.

A

Oblique

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27
Q

This type of fracture line encircles the shaft of a bone.

A

Spiral

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28
Q

THis is a type of fracture with small fragments pulled from bone by attached ligaments or tendons.

A

Avulsion

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29
Q

This is more than 2 bone fragments.

A

Comminuted

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30
Q

This is a triangular fragment fracture that seperated from 2 larger fragments.

A

Butterfly

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31
Q

This fracture us a piece of the shaft that is separated by the proximal and distal fracture lines.

A

Segmental

32
Q

This type of fracture impacts the trabeculae.

A

Compression

33
Q

This type of fragment is driven inward. i.e skull fragment pushed into brain.

A

Depressed

34
Q

This type of fracture occurs in immature bone where one side of the cortex remains intact.

A

Greenstick

35
Q

This type of fracture is compaction of one side of the cortex.

A

Torus (buckle) fracture

36
Q

This is a plastic deformity of bone.

A

Bowing

37
Q

This location of bone fragment is not angled or seperated.

A

Undisplaced

38
Q

This location of bone fragments are described by direction of distal fragment in relation to proximal fragments.

A

Displacement

39
Q

This type of bone fragments are angular deformity of the axes of the major fracture fragments.

A

Angulation

40
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of a fracture healing?

A

There is continuous external bridge of calcium deposition that unites the fracture fragments.

41
Q

These types of fractures occur in diseased bones.

A

Pathologic Fractures.

42
Q

These fractures are the response of bone response to repeated stressors none which alone would cause a fracture.

A

Stress Fracture

43
Q

This is a transverse fracture through the distal inch of the radius with dorsal posterior angulation.

A

Colles Fracture

44
Q

What is another common site of Colles fractures?

A

Ulnar styloid process

45
Q

This is a transverse fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpal with palmar angulation of the distal fragment often caused by hitting an object with a closed fist.

A

Boxers Fracture

46
Q

How does a Colles fracture typically occur?

A

From falling onto ones outstretched hand.

47
Q

This is the opposite of a Colles fracture in that the displacement of bone is toward the palmar aspect of the hand.

A

Smiths fracture

48
Q

A Colles fracture typically displays what type of deformity?

A

“dinner-fork”

49
Q

This is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulnar shaft with anterior dislocation.

A

Monteggia Fracture

50
Q

This is a radial shaft fracture with dorsal (posterior) dislocation of the ulna at the wrist.

A

Galeazzi Fracture

51
Q

This is a fracture of both malleoli with ankle dislocation. This injury is caused by a combined abduction external rotation from an eversion force. This pulls the deltoid ligament tearing the medial malleolus causing the talus to shift and therefore breaking the lateral malleoli and more commonly breaking the fibula.

A

Potts Fracture

52
Q

This is a fracture of both malleoli with one side usually spiral or oblique and the other is transverse.

A

Bimalleolar Fracture

53
Q

This is a fracture of both malleoli and the posterior lip of the tibia usually representing fracture dislocations.

A

Trimalleolar

54
Q

This is a fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal.

A

Jones Fracture

55
Q

The hip is most commonly dislocation in which way?

A

The femoral head is most commonly displaced posteriorly to lie against the sciatic notch.

56
Q

What is a second way the hip can dislocate?

A

The femoral head may displace anteriorly and lie adjacent to the pubic or obturator foramen.

57
Q

These types of facial bone fractures are usually caused by a direct blow to the face.

A

Visceral Cranial Fractures.

58
Q

What are the 2 common types of zygomatic arch fractures?

A
  1. Depressed Fracture

2. Tripod Fracture

59
Q

This is a type of zygomatic fracture affecting all 3 sutures: Frontal, Temporal and Maxillary.

A

Tripod Fracture

60
Q

What is another term for mandibular fractures?

A

“Ring” Syndrome

61
Q

What are the 3 types of maxilla fractures?

A
  1. Horizontal (LeFort Fracture I)
  2. Pyramidal(LeFort Fracture II)
  3. Transverse(LeFort Fracture III)
62
Q

This maxillary fracture refers to the separation of the body of the maxilla from the base of the skull above the palate and below the zygomatic arch.

A

Horizontal LeFort Fracture I

63
Q

This maxillary fracture involves vertical fractures through the maxilla at the malar and nasal bones forming a triangular seperation of the maxilla.

A

Pyramidal LeFort Fracture II

64
Q

This maxillary fracture is the most extensive and serious type of fracture extending across the orbits and resulting in separation of the visceral and cerebral cranium

A

Transverse LeFort Fracture III

65
Q

This type of fracture results from a direct blow to the front of the orbit that transfers the force to the orbital walls and the floor.

A

Blowout Fracture

66
Q

Where do most blowout fractures occur?

A

In the thinnest, weakest portion of the orbit, the orbital floor just above the maxillary sinus.

67
Q

What is the most frequently fractured facial bone?

A

Nasal bone

68
Q

This is a partial dislocation often occurring with a fracture.

A

Subluxation

69
Q

How does an anterior shoulder dislocation appear radiographically?

A

The humeral head usual locates below the glenoid fossa and coracoid process.

70
Q

This is a compression fracture of the humeral head occurring on the superior and posterior head of the humerus because of impaction of the humeral head against the glenoid labrum during dislocation.

A

Hill Sachs Deformity

71
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) seperations are commonly radiographed in which way for diagnosis?

A

A film sequence bilaterally with and without weights.

72
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated joint?

A

Shoulder

73
Q

This is a syndrome referring to multiple, repeated, physically induced injuries in young children caused by parents or guardians.

A

Battered Child Syndrome

74
Q

Battered Child Syndrome is also known as what?

A

Suspected Non-Accidental Trauma (SNAT)

75
Q

As radiographers we are legally responsible to report suspicious cases to whom?

A

Supervisors

76
Q

This is a severe type of physical abuse causing whiplash injury to a child’s head and neck as well as brain trauma such as subdural or subarachnoid hematoma.

A

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Pathology (10 decks)

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