Intro and Reconstruction

Question 1

US History 1783-1865

Answer 1

earliest political parties; birth of two party system; most native american tribes still soveregin; four million enslaved african americans; foreign policy: isolationalism

Question 2

US History 1865-Present

Answer 2

democrats v. republican; natives lose all sovereignty by 1890 (may still own the land but do not govern it);slavery ended but serious issues follow; by 1945 US is a world power

Question 3

British Colonies in North America

Answer 3

actually 18 colonies total but the 13 who rebelled would become the united states; the other european powers present was spanish, dutch, and french

Question 4

Impact of British on the early US

Answer 4

slavery first (legally and officially) introduced in 1676 (strong economic force by 1783 ; english “Common law” was the basis for all colonial legal systems and influenced the current legal systems and gov; protestantism was the dominant religion

Question 5

Relations with Europe after INdependence in 1783

Answer 5

relationship with britain was stable except for the war of 1812; policy of neutralit with european affairs (1815-WWII); had monroe doctrine in western hemisphere

Question 6

Articles of Confederation

Answer 6

one weak gov over the 13 states; basically no national leader; ultimately failed; many issues- no official head of state, riots, unrest, and a rebellion in 1786 proves the serious limitations

Question 7

COnstitutional Convention

Answer 7

federalists (strong national gov) vs. antifederalists (weak national gov); separation of powers (executive and legislative) to prevent despotism (one individual having too much power); federal courts became third branch in 1789 and the amendment process

Question 8

US Government (1789-present)

Answer 8

executive branch headed by the president; legislative branch includes both houses of congress (bicameral legislative); judiciary act of 1789 established it as a third branch and the act of 1801 established judicial review (hight power that interprets the constitution)

Question 9

Origin of the first US political Parties

Answer 9

political parties were not mentioned in the constitution; first developed in 1795 over whether the US should ally with britain or france

Question 10

First Party System

Answer 10

federalists part (founded by john adams and dies by 1816); republican party (not the same as today but the original); “era of good feelings” there was only ONE party the republicans but splits in 1824

Question 11

Second Party System

Answer 11

national republicans- become the Whig party (but split over slavery); democratic republicans - become the democrat party we still have today but was very different

Question 12

Democrats vs. Republicans (1854-present) *****

Answer 12

modern republican part was founded in 1854 to OPPOSe the spread of slavery (and by 1860 the institution itself) KNOW THIS

Question 13

Original “Indian Policy”

Answer 13

Washingtons views- natives were political equals but societies inferior; the US wanted the land but DID NOT take it by force; so they got them to sign treateies for

Question 14

Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal

Answer 14

jackson drafted a bill that would “remove” certain tribes from the SE US; it passed in 1850 but barely; still had to sign treaties for removal deadlines but any left would be forcibly remved ; ultimately delegitimization us policy towards natives

Question 15

Constitutional Convention and Slavery

Answer 15

there were abolitionists who wanted slavery to be outlawed but the proponents said they would not sign to ratify the constitution; solution- importation ban and 20 year moratorium

Question 16

US Civil War

Answer 16

yes, it was really about slavery; union vs. confederates; by 1861 11 of 15 slave states seceded from the union and formed the confederate states of america; neither side was prepared for war; last war to us classical strategies; estimated death toll to be 620000 (both sides, bloodies war in the americas)

Question 17

Aftermath of the Civil War

Answer 17

union wins; robert E Lee surrended; former confederate states placed under military occupation; assasination of abraham lincoln happended two days after Lee’s surrender

Question 18

13th Amendment **

Answer 18

ratified in 1865; officially ended “involuntary servitude” aka slavery

Question 19

14th Amendment

Answer 19

ratified in 1867; confers US citizenship to non white males

Question 20

15th Amendment *****

Answer 20

ratified in 1870; gave suffrage (right to vote) to non-whites

Question 21

Reconstruction

Answer 21

a period of “reintegrating” the confederate states into the united states; south under military occupance; free blacks are now citizens and have the right to vote; buttttt union does not have long term plan (problem)

Question 22

Andrew Johnson

Answer 22

democrat; Lincoln thought johnson would be sympatheitc to the blacks but he was not; Johnson was racist and refused federal aid to african americans, allowed disenfranchisement (exclusion) of blacks; first president to be impeached bc he tried to fire sec. of war Edwin Stanton; not removed

Question 23

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 23

Grant sought to enforce reconstruction as president (instead of congress doing everything); Grant wanted to help african americans; failed to annex dominican republic; did not run for a third term because of throat cancer and a precedent for president to only serve two terms

Question 24

Radical Republicans

Answer 24

had been prominent abolitionists before 1865; sought to enfranchise blacks (voting rights, opportunities); however they disenfranchised white southeners who supported the confederacy/opposed reforms and refused citizenship to many; key supporters of grants use of military enforcement

Question 25

Thaddeus Stephens

Answer 25

radical republican; R-PA; helped craft the 13th amendment

Question 26

Charles Sumner

Answer 26

radical republican; R-NY; “bitter” about having been beaten and hospitalized by a senator from SC in 1857; HATES the south

Question 27

Freedmen

Answer 27

~4 million free blacks; issues of poverty, illiteracy and racism

Question 28

What had whites been taught to believe about blacks if they were ever freed?

Answer 28

they would retaliate and attack them

Question 29

Freedmen’s Bureaus

Answer 29

created by grant administration; set up to help assimilate blacks (find jobs, vote, and get homes etc); blacks were able to gain access to education and had the right to vote (only if federal troops were there to enforce this right)

Question 30

Disenfranchisement by Republican Control

Answer 30

former confederate officials and citizens who openly supported the old confederacy were denied the right to vote

Question 31

Election of Black Senators *****

Answer 31

nominations for congress positions were backed by military enforcement (and ballot control); first black US senator was Hiram Rhodes Revels (R-MS)

Question 32

Scalawags*****

Answer 32

original term for white southeners who supported Union efforts for reconstruction (even helping blacks); many had always opposed slavery but some were “reformed” slave owners who had different views

Question 33

Redeemers****

Answer 33

white southern democrats who ardently opposed Reconstruction, rights for black people, the radical republicans and the sacalawags

Question 34

Carpet Baggers *****

Answer 34

northern whites who moved to the south; supported enfranchisement of freedmen and gain republican support; they were hated by the south and thought to only be there to exploit people and gain money

Question 35

Reconstruction and the Southern Economy ****

Answer 35

new cotton mills were built everyhwere; towns were built around them; Birmingham was founded for metal works and Atlanta becomes the new face of the south; Depression of 1873 affected the south the worst; the south will be the poorest region of the US until the 1970s**

Question 35

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 35

founded by Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest; original purpose was a fraternity/social gathering for former confederates; later members became vigilantes (opposed to blacks and the union); they began terrorizing blacks

Question 36

Election of 1876 **

Answer 36

Republican Rutherford B Hayes wins election; Redeemers make a deal with Hayes and tell him that they will give him the votes he needs as long as the first thing he does as president is end reconstruction and pull out miliatry aka Bargain of 1877**