Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
When and why was the current REpublican Party founded?
in 1854 to oppose slavery
13th Amendement
formally ended “involuntary servitude” for non-incarcerated ctitizens (effectively ended slavery in 1865)
14th Amendment
re-defined US citizenship to include formerl enslaved ( and also free ) African Americans; it made non white citizens
15th Amendment
enabled non-white males (specifically former ensalved African Americans) the right to vote; ratified in 1870
Redeemers
democrats; southern white who oppose reconstruction and favored confederacy and supported white supremacy
Scalawags
republicans; southern whites who supported reconstruction (and to varying degrees, the enfranchisement of black people)
Carpet Baggers
republicans; white northerners who moved to the south to start businesses; viewed negatively in the south
Freedmans Bureau
created by Grant Administration to hep formerly enslaved Black people find jobs, buy and own property and become educated
Hiram Rhodes Revels
first african american elected to US congress; Republican MS
Ku Klux Klan
“social club” for former confederate officers founded in Tennessee that evetually became “vigilantes” who terrorized black people
Andrew johnson
President at the start of Reconstruction; democrat who DID NOT support the enfranchisement of Black People; FIRST preseident to be impeached (but remained in office)
Reasons Reconstruction came to an end in 1877
bargain of 1877; Rutherford B Hayes (so corrupt he only ran one term);
After reconstruction, the south will be the poorest region of the US until…
1970s
Union Pacific
the rail road compan that founded “Credit Mobilier of America” and asked congress for 94 million for the construction of the trans-continental RR
How much money did Union Pacific actually need?
50 million
Tammany Hall
most prominent “policitcal machine” in the gilded age; based in New YOrk and supported the Democrat party
William “Boss” Tweed
leader of Tammany Hall; very powerful
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican President whose administration was so rife with corruption that he didnt even bother running for re-election
Patronage
also called “Spoils System”; a system of nepotism that rewarded “loyal Republicans” with (unqualified) promotion
Stalwarts
faction of Republicans who supported the “Spoils System”; their leader was Sen. Roscoe Conkling
Half Breeds
Faction of Republicans who opposed the spoils system; their leader was Sen. James Blaine
Pendleton Civil Service Reform
the issue that divided the stalwarts and half breeds; it has been proposed by Hayes to weaken the spoils sys
Charles J. Guiteau Jr
delusional citizen who assasinated President James Garfield ; he was not a politician and supported the spoils sys (and basically ruined it)
Pendleton Act
signed in early 1883 to permanentyl end the spoils sys and ensure government positions go toqulified individuals
Jim Crow Laws
informal anme for “black codes” (de jure discrimination laws to officially segreagte Black people in the south)
Sharecropping
the only work that most balck people could find after the end of reconstruction; very similar to slavery
Lynching
method of extra judicial execution almost always targets black men accused of harming white
Plessy v. Ferguson
supreme court case (1895) ruling in favor of segregation as “constitutional” as long as facilities were “seperate but equal”; but no metric was put in place to ensure actaul equality
Johnson County War
massive conflict between the Wyoming Cattlemans Association and the “Home Steaders” on the open range in wyoming (1889-1893)
Wounded Knee Massacre
officially ENDS the Indian Wars; december 29 1890; claims the lives of between 250-300 natives (including prominent leaders)
o.K. Corral
the infamous “shoot out” between Wyatt Earp and his brothers against an infamous gan in Tombstone AZ (Oct. 26 1881)
Long Walk of the Navajo
a total of 53 “forced marches” of the Navajo by US Gen Kit Carson from their homeland to Bosqque Redondo NM
Sand Creek Massacre
occured in 1864; considered the most cold blooded assault on Native AMericans perpetrated by US military personnel ever
Chief Joseph
tribe of Nez Perce; respected by all in the west even by white for saving his people in the 1870s
Geronimo
tribe of Apache; feared by US and Mexican forces for leading raids (eventually captured)
Wovoka
tribe of Paiute; founder of the Ghost Dance religion
Sitting Bull
tribe of Lakota; defeated US forces at Little Big HOrn, performed in Wild West Show, died at the wounded knee massacre in 1890
7th Calvary
US division that fought at little big horn and (later) wounded knee
Col. Custer
leader of 7th calvary division at the Battle of LIttle Big HOrn
How many US soldiers survived Little Big Horn
none
“Buffalo Bill” Cody
former game hunter turned showman; ran the “Wild West Show”
Buffalo Soldiers
name for all balck divisions of the US calvary
Nicodemus KS
most well known all black town in the Old West
Ichi
creditied as the “last wild indian”
What was the actual occupation of most Cowboys?
ranch hands
Ethnicity of Cowboys
white, black, Mexican, native american
What was the name of the gang fighting Wyatt Earp at the O.K. Corrall?
“Cowboys”
Dawes Act
act that essentialy laid the groundwork for the modern day “reservation sys”
What are some of the major challenges for Reservations?
poverty, lack of resources, lack of agriculute viability, lack liquidity
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
from the 1890s until as late as the 1970s (1950s in most places) this is where Native Americans were forced to go to scholl
Bureau of Indian Affairs
government organization (In the dept of interior) that handles US policies concerning Native Americans; Natives still hate it to this day
USS Maine
explodes in the Havana Harbor and the US blames Spain (newspaper yellow journaling); McKinley used as a reason to declare war on spain but it was really about imperialism
Theodore Roosevelt
led the Rough Riders; future president; gained fame and a hero; progressive era
Hawaii
acquired in the Newlands Resolution; of 1898; not through S/A War
Puerto Rico
caribben island acquired by the US; a commonwealth
GUam
island in the middle of the pacific that Spain let the US take
Nicaragua
central american country; revolution led by Augusto Sandino
Cuba
carribbean nation briefly occupied by US
Panama Canal
US took control of from france in 1904
United Fruit Company
us corporation in central america (el pulpo)
