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US History 2112 > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

When and why was the current REpublican Party founded?

A

in 1854 to oppose slavery

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2
Q

13th Amendement

A

formally ended “involuntary servitude” for non-incarcerated ctitizens (effectively ended slavery in 1865)

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3
Q

14th Amendment

A

re-defined US citizenship to include formerl enslaved ( and also free ) African Americans; it made non white citizens

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4
Q

15th Amendment

A

enabled non-white males (specifically former ensalved African Americans) the right to vote; ratified in 1870

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5
Q

Redeemers

A

democrats; southern white who oppose reconstruction and favored confederacy and supported white supremacy

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6
Q

Scalawags

A

republicans; southern whites who supported reconstruction (and to varying degrees, the enfranchisement of black people)

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7
Q

Carpet Baggers

A

republicans; white northerners who moved to the south to start businesses; viewed negatively in the south

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8
Q

Freedmans Bureau

A

created by Grant Administration to hep formerly enslaved Black people find jobs, buy and own property and become educated

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9
Q

Hiram Rhodes Revels

A

first african american elected to US congress; Republican MS

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10
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

“social club” for former confederate officers founded in Tennessee that evetually became “vigilantes” who terrorized black people

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11
Q

Andrew johnson

A

President at the start of Reconstruction; democrat who DID NOT support the enfranchisement of Black People; FIRST preseident to be impeached (but remained in office)

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12
Q

Reasons Reconstruction came to an end in 1877

A

bargain of 1877; Rutherford B Hayes (so corrupt he only ran one term);

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13
Q

After reconstruction, the south will be the poorest region of the US until…

A

1970s

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14
Q

Union Pacific

A

the rail road compan that founded “Credit Mobilier of America” and asked congress for 94 million for the construction of the trans-continental RR

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15
Q

How much money did Union Pacific actually need?

A

50 million

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16
Q

Tammany Hall

A

most prominent “policitcal machine” in the gilded age; based in New YOrk and supported the Democrat party

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17
Q

William “Boss” Tweed

A

leader of Tammany Hall; very powerful

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18
Q

Rutherford B. Hayes

A

Republican President whose administration was so rife with corruption that he didnt even bother running for re-election

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19
Q

Patronage

A

also called “Spoils System”; a system of nepotism that rewarded “loyal Republicans” with (unqualified) promotion

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20
Q

Stalwarts

A

faction of Republicans who supported the “Spoils System”; their leader was Sen. Roscoe Conkling

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21
Q

Half Breeds

A

Faction of Republicans who opposed the spoils system; their leader was Sen. James Blaine

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22
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Reform

A

the issue that divided the stalwarts and half breeds; it has been proposed by Hayes to weaken the spoils sys

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23
Q

Charles J. Guiteau Jr

A

delusional citizen who assasinated President James Garfield ; he was not a politician and supported the spoils sys (and basically ruined it)

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24
Q

Pendleton Act

A

signed in early 1883 to permanentyl end the spoils sys and ensure government positions go toqulified individuals

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25
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

informal anme for “black codes” (de jure discrimination laws to officially segreagte Black people in the south)

26
Q

Sharecropping

A

the only work that most balck people could find after the end of reconstruction; very similar to slavery

27
Q

Lynching

A

method of extra judicial execution almost always targets black men accused of harming white

28
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

supreme court case (1895) ruling in favor of segregation as “constitutional” as long as facilities were “seperate but equal”; but no metric was put in place to ensure actaul equality

29
Q

Johnson County War

A

massive conflict between the Wyoming Cattlemans Association and the “Home Steaders” on the open range in wyoming (1889-1893)

30
Q

Wounded Knee Massacre

A

officially ENDS the Indian Wars; december 29 1890; claims the lives of between 250-300 natives (including prominent leaders)

31
Q

o.K. Corral

A

the infamous “shoot out” between Wyatt Earp and his brothers against an infamous gan in Tombstone AZ (Oct. 26 1881)

32
Q

Long Walk of the Navajo

A

a total of 53 “forced marches” of the Navajo by US Gen Kit Carson from their homeland to Bosqque Redondo NM

33
Q

Sand Creek Massacre

A

occured in 1864; considered the most cold blooded assault on Native AMericans perpetrated by US military personnel ever

34
Q

Chief Joseph

A

tribe of Nez Perce; respected by all in the west even by white for saving his people in the 1870s

35
Q

Geronimo

A

tribe of Apache; feared by US and Mexican forces for leading raids (eventually captured)

36
Q

Wovoka

A

tribe of Paiute; founder of the Ghost Dance religion

37
Q

Sitting Bull

A

tribe of Lakota; defeated US forces at Little Big HOrn, performed in Wild West Show, died at the wounded knee massacre in 1890

38
Q

7th Calvary

A

US division that fought at little big horn and (later) wounded knee

39
Q

Col. Custer

A

leader of 7th calvary division at the Battle of LIttle Big HOrn

40
Q

How many US soldiers survived Little Big Horn

A

none

41
Q

“Buffalo Bill” Cody

A

former game hunter turned showman; ran the “Wild West Show”

42
Q

Buffalo Soldiers

A

name for all balck divisions of the US calvary

43
Q

Nicodemus KS

A

most well known all black town in the Old West

44
Q

Ichi

A

creditied as the “last wild indian”

45
Q

What was the actual occupation of most Cowboys?

A

ranch hands

46
Q

Ethnicity of Cowboys

A

white, black, Mexican, native american

47
Q

What was the name of the gang fighting Wyatt Earp at the O.K. Corrall?

A

“Cowboys”

48
Q

Dawes Act

A

act that essentialy laid the groundwork for the modern day “reservation sys”

49
Q

What are some of the major challenges for Reservations?

A

poverty, lack of resources, lack of agriculute viability, lack liquidity

50
Q

Carlisle Indian Industrial School

A

from the 1890s until as late as the 1970s (1950s in most places) this is where Native Americans were forced to go to scholl

51
Q

Bureau of Indian Affairs

A

government organization (In the dept of interior) that handles US policies concerning Native Americans; Natives still hate it to this day

52
Q

USS Maine

A

explodes in the Havana Harbor and the US blames Spain (newspaper yellow journaling); McKinley used as a reason to declare war on spain but it was really about imperialism

53
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

led the Rough Riders; future president; gained fame and a hero; progressive era

54
Q

Hawaii

A

acquired in the Newlands Resolution; of 1898; not through S/A War

55
Q

Puerto Rico

A

caribben island acquired by the US; a commonwealth

56
Q

GUam

A

island in the middle of the pacific that Spain let the US take

57
Q

Nicaragua

A

central american country; revolution led by Augusto Sandino

58
Q

Cuba

A

carribbean nation briefly occupied by US

59
Q

Panama Canal

A

US took control of from france in 1904

60
Q

United Fruit Company

A

us corporation in central america (el pulpo)

US History 2112 (8 decks)

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