Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Brown v Board of Education
landmark supreme court ruling (1954) that officially ruled the segregation of American Public School as unconstitutional
Death of Emmett Till
event (august of 1955) that officially ignited the Civil rights movement
Views that Malcolm X had about how black people should be in society and violence
black separatist; violence should be used to defend themselves
Montgomery Bus Boycotts
first successful act of civil disobedience that results in official charges; led by MLK andothers under name of Montgomery Improvement Association; Rosa Parks
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
organization founded by MLK, Ralph Abernathy, and others in 1957 to better involve black churches in the south to support the movement
Ralph Abernathy
mentor and right hand man to MLK; went everywhere with him and took over after MLKs assasination in 1968
Ella Baker
although she wasnt a very public figure she was important behind the scenes; mother of the civil rights movement
James Bevel
planned the major events and protests of the civil rights movement; responsible for planning both the birmingham protests and teh three attempted marches at selma; brains behind the protests
Medger Evers
NAACP leader from mississippi whose murder in 1963 at the hands of white supremacists further galvanized the civil rigths movement
Fannie Lou Hamer
another activist from Mississippi involved in promoting black voter turnout; also organizes “freedom summer” in Mississippi in 1964
Ann Atwater
later activist from N. Carolina who pushed for the integration of NC schools and convinces KKK leader C P Ellis to renounce the Klan
Greensboro Sit-Ins
feb-hune 1960; Two major sit ins at the JW Woolworths Franchise (different cities); successfu
Birmingham Confrontation
april-may 1963; protesting the violence against black activists in Birmingham; first protest televised live;
March to Selma
march 7-21 1965; catalyst- death of Jimmy lee Jackson; three attempted marches (3rd successful); notable for death for Rev. James Reeb and a landmark act of Civil Rights legislation it inspired
Voting Rights of 1965
atually implements Federal Oversight to make sure that state and local gov do not engage in voter suppression; most far reaching Civil rights legislation in American history
Chavez
founder of the National Farm Workers union; most prominent of all Hispanic American Civil rights acvtivists
Self Determinatino
new policy introduced by Lyndon B johnson; ending the previous termination initiative for good
Alcatraz
former federal prison occupied by Native American college protestors as a means to protest the taking of Native lands in 19th century treaties; 1969-71; peaceful and allowed non native sympathizers on the island
Black Panthers
militant, marxist-leninist Black organization founded in California in 1966; willing to cooperate with White protestors on occasion, but also engaged in occasional shoot-outs with police and the FBI
The Watts Race Riots of 1966
large scale race riot that broke out in a predominantly black neighborhood in Los Angeles Ca; Aug 11-16 1966
Assassination of MLK
occured at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis TN on April 4 1968; James Earl Ray Jr arrested and pleads guilty; later denies
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
congresses resolution to formally enter the US into the already ongoing vietnam War; later referenced in pentagon papers
Tet Offense
four month North Vietnamesses offensive that caught both the Americans and S Vietnamese off guard; caused the US to become far more involved in the war
My Lai Incident/Massacre
1969 incident involving 347-500 vietnamese civilians dying at the hands of US troops; Lt William Calley charged; soldiers spat on
Paris Peace Accords
signed between the US , North Vietnam and South vietnam in late Jan 1973; formally sets a time table for US withdrawal
Kent State Massacre
incident where four unarmed college studnets are fatally wounded (9 others injured) by the national guard in Ohio
Pentagon Papers
shorthand name for a series of documents first mde public in 1971 by Daniel Ellsberg; revealed that Johnson had lied about gulf of tonkin incident
SALT I
cold war agreement to limit production of ICBMS; ratified in 1972
SALT II
cold war agreement to actually reduce existing ICBMs; never ratified
China
Richard Nixon was the first presdient to reestablish diplomacy with them
Wounded Knee Incident
results from AIM protesting Lakota leader RIchard Wilsons policiesW
Watergate Scandal
begins when Nixons CRP (CREEP) caught snooping around rivals campaign headquarters; evertailly a smoking gun tape proves it all
Camp David Accords
considered to be Jimmy Carters greatest accomplishment as President
Iran Hostage Crisis
major international crises that lasts 444 days (also ruins carters chances of wining reelection in the 1980 election); ends one day after Ronald Reagans Inauguration
Objectivism
reagans political philosophy; focuses on rights of the individual; colorblindness (one word policy for racial issues); equality at the starting line
HIV/AIDS
major health crisis that adversely stigmatized the LGBTQ community; patient zero in the US was discovered in San Fransico in 1981 but it was a global epidemic
Cable
expanded the number of channels that Americans could now watch on TV; also led to 24 hr news net works (such as CNN)
Star Wars Program
officially known as the strategic defense initiative; reagan backed weapons program intedned to focus on futuristic types of weapons
Libya
country targeted by the 1986 US Operation El DOrado Canyon because its leader Muammar al-Qaddafi was tied to terror attacks
Malta
officially ended the cold war
George H W Bush
introduced the clean air act and passed legislation protecting native burial sites (unpopular due to taxation)
Bill Clinton
signed NAFTA; also became the second US president to ever be impeached by the house but was not removed by the senate
Obama
introduced the Affordable Care Act; first non-white US president
Trump
controversial presidency, impeached twice (acquitted both times); currently running again in 2024 with four trials pending
Biden
obamas former VP; currently in office as of April 2024
Wilma Maweller
celebrated female leader of the cherokee nation of oklahoma
First Gulf War
first US conflict with Iraq; led 34 nation coalition but did not seek to remove Saddam Hussein
NAFTA
north american free trade agreement; established “free trade” between th US, mexico, and canada; had negative implications for workers in all 3; signed in 1994
Oklahoma City Bombing
domestic terror attack on the second anniversary of the Waco Siege; federal building destroyed by white supremascists
Y2K
late 1999; a hysteria emerged over the possibiility of a computer glitch (brought about by obsolete dating systems); nothing happened
The War in Afghanistan
begins with the US invasion of Afghanistan; Oct 2001
Operation Iraqi Freedom
begins in 2003; but the US does NOT have broad support this time
Tough sanctions on these three countries…
iraq, iran, N Koorea
Party that primarily opposed the Second Iraq War and did many senators vote for this one?
democratic and yes many did (such as Biden)
Rosa Parks
arrest led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott; 1955-1956
The Great Society
created by lyndon johnson; gov programs to end poverty and racial discord in US
24th Amendment and Civil Rights Act of 1964
make it illegal to discriminate against race
Voting Rights Act of 1965
enforced the previous one and gave federal oversight
Selma Protests
murder of jimmy lee jackson cause; and rev James Reeb (white activist killed); 3 marches total
Which president ended indian termination?
Lyndon Johnson and Nixon continued self determination
Nixons Southern Strategy
support segregation
Who was responsible for the My Lai Massacre
Lt William Calley
Who did nixon try to have fired during the investigation?
prosecutor
Was Nixon impeached?
no; he resigned beforehand
Nixon Doctrine
instead of sending troops, the US would offer a “nuclear umbrella” if asked
Operation: El Dorado Canyon
US strategic air bombings of libyia
George W Bush
promoted an ownership society
Three Main Issues Biden Administration Currently faces
the russian invasion of ukraine; the ongoing isreal hamas war; possibility of war between china and taiwan
