intro

Question 1

difference between anabolism and cataolism

Answer 1

cata: lysis, generate ATP and NADH, mitochondrial
ana: ‘genesis’, use ATP, GTP and UTP, mostly in cytosol

Question 2

where does glycolysis take place

Answer 2

cytosol of mitochondria

Question 3

what high energy bonds are present in ATP

Answer 3

phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 4

what is the free energy of reaction for the breakdown of ATP to ADP (one bond)

Answer 4

30.5 kJ/mol

Question 5

how does ATP hydrolysis affect the equilibria of coupled reactions?

Answer 5

shifts equilibria by a factor of 10^8

Question 6

4 functions of ATP

Answer 6

1. cell motility and contraction
2. Na/K pumps, active transport
3. turn on and off proteins by phosphorylation
4. metabolism: Add Pi to intermediates = charged = can’t cross back through membrane. Also, turn on/off enzymes in chain reaction

Question 7

exergonic and endergonic

Answer 7

exo: release energy
endo: take in. positive delta G

Question 8

How to regulate enzymatic reactions

Answer 8

1. regulate substrate availability
2. adjust rate of transcription: induction (upregulate) or repression (downregulate)
3. interconvert between active and inactive
4. allosteric sites

Question 9

examples of cofaactors

Answer 9

coenzymes
prosthetic groups
e.g. activating ios Mg, Zn, Cl

Question 10

what is ATP, UTP and GTP cofactors for

Answer 10

kinase enzymes
ATP –> ADP + Pi
UTP - synthesis of comlpex sugars
GTP - synthesis of proteins

Question 11

what are coenzymes

Answer 11

non-protein, organic cofactors