aerobic resp Flashcards
oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA enzyme
citrate synthase
equation and enzyme for the link reaction
pyruvate + (NAD+) –> acetyl CoA + CO2 + (NADH + H)
pyruvate dehydrogenase
other cofactors that are used in the link reaction
thiamine pyrophosphate
lipoic acid
FAD
Coenzyme A
what bonds doe acetyl CoA form with carboxylic acid
thioester
what are the parts of coenzyme A
(alanine)
pantoic acid
B-alanine
cysteamine (-SH reacts w acetate)
step 1 condensation reaction
oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA –>citrate
citrate synthase
2 isomerism
citrate isocitrate
aconitase
3 first loss of CO2 (and NAD reduction)
isocitrate –> alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxo glutarate)
isocitrate dehydrogenase
4 second loss of CO2 (and NAD reduction)
alpha-ketogutarate –> succinyl CoA
ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
5 trap thioester bond energy as GTP
succinyl CoA –> succinate
GDP + Pi –> GTP
succinate thiokinase
6 release of FADH2
succinate –> fumarate
FAD –> FADH2
succinate dehydrogenase
7 uses H2O
fumarate –> malate
- final step
malate –> ocaloacetate
NAD –> NADH + H
malate dehydrogenase
what does FAD stand for
flavin adenine dinucleotide
how is ATP generated through NADH
-reoxidation of NADH to NAD: transfers 2H to carriers of the cytochrome chain
- 2H + 0.5O2 –> H20
results in synthesis of ATP
energy yields of TCA
NADH - produces 2.5ATP (x3)
FADH2 - produces 1.5ATP (x1)
1 GTP x1)
=10ATP
3 irreversible and v. exergonic enzymes in TCA
citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
how does ADP regulate the rate of TCA
activate isocitrate dehydrogenase.
inhibit ketoglutarate and citrate synth
which complexes are proton pumps in oxidative phosphorylation
protein complex 1, 3 and 4
how does NADH regulate the rate of TCA
inhibits all key irreversible enzymes
how does succinylcholine CoA regulate TCA
inhibit ketogluratate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase
