aerobic resp

Question 1

oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA enzyme

Answer 1

citrate synthase

Question 2

equation and enzyme for the link reaction

Answer 2

pyruvate + (NAD+) –> acetyl CoA + CO2 + (NADH + H)

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 3

other cofactors that are used in the link reaction

Answer 3

thiamine pyrophosphate
lipoic acid
FAD
Coenzyme A

Question 4

what bonds doe acetyl CoA form with carboxylic acid

Answer 4

thioester

Question 5

what are the parts of coenzyme A

Answer 5

(alanine)
pantoic acid
B-alanine
cysteamine (-SH reacts w acetate)

Question 6

step 1 condensation reaction

Answer 6

oxaloacetate + acetyl CoA –>citrate

citrate synthase

Question 7

2 isomerism

Answer 7

citrate isocitrate

aconitase

Question 8

3 first loss of CO2 (and NAD reduction)

Answer 8

isocitrate –> alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxo glutarate)

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 9

4 second loss of CO2 (and NAD reduction)

Answer 9

alpha-ketogutarate –> succinyl CoA

ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 10

5 trap thioester bond energy as GTP

Answer 10

succinyl CoA –> succinate
GDP + Pi –> GTP

succinate thiokinase

Question 11

6 release of FADH2

Answer 11

succinate –> fumarate
FAD –> FADH2

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 12

7 uses H2O

Answer 12

fumarate –> malate

Question 13

8. final step

Answer 13

malate –> ocaloacetate
NAD –> NADH + H

malate dehydrogenase

Question 14

what does FAD stand for

Answer 14

flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 15

how is ATP generated through NADH

Answer 15

-reoxidation of NADH to NAD: transfers 2H to carriers of the cytochrome chain
- 2H + 0.5O2 –> H20
results in synthesis of ATP

Question 16

energy yields of TCA

Answer 16

NADH - produces 2.5ATP (x3)
FADH2 - produces 1.5ATP (x1)
1 GTP x1)
=10ATP

Question 17

3 irreversible and v. exergonic enzymes in TCA

Answer 17

citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 18

how does ADP regulate the rate of TCA

Answer 18

activate isocitrate dehydrogenase.

inhibit ketoglutarate and citrate synth

Question 19

which complexes are proton pumps in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 19

protein complex 1, 3 and 4

Question 20

how does NADH regulate the rate of TCA

Answer 20

inhibits all key irreversible enzymes

Question 21

how does succinylcholine CoA regulate TCA

Answer 21

inhibit ketogluratate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase