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Virology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

Teach about Virues

1
Q

What is a Virion?

A

A viral particle

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2
Q

True or False:

A virus can’t have DNA

A

False: Viruses exist as both DNA and RNA.

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3
Q

What four types of genome can a virus have?

A

Double Strand (ds) DNA, Single Strand (ss) DNA, ds RNA, or ss RNA.

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4
Q

A ____ is a structural protein polymer, symmetrical and rigid Surrounding the Nucleic acid of a virus

A

Capsid

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5
Q

____ a membrane containing viral glycoproteins..

A

Envelope

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6
Q

Is an Enveloped Virus stronger than a virus without one?

A

No. Their envelope is essential for their integrity, but it is fragile, it can be destroyed by excessive temperature or pH, dryness, or detergents

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7
Q

True or False:

Enveloped Viruses can more easily fuse with cell walls.

A

True

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8
Q

These are examples of what?
Structure: size, morphology, and nucleic acid (e.g., picornavirus [small RNA]

Biochemical characteristics: structure and mode of replication

Disease they cause

Means of transmission

Host cell (host range): animal (human, mouse, bird), plant, bacteria

Tissue or organ (tropism)

A

Virus classifications/names

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9
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class I virus is?

A

dsDNA

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10
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class II virus is?

A

ssDNA

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11
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class III virus is?

A

dsRNA

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12
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class IV virus is?

A

ssRNA positive

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13
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class V virus is?

A

ssRNA negative

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14
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class VI virus is?

A

Retrovirus: single stranded positive RNA virus that replicates via DNA synthesis

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15
Q

In Baltimore classification a Class VII virus is?

A

dsDNA virus replication through ssRNA intermediate (HBV)

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16
Q

A virus that replicates backwards is called?

A

Retrovirus

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17
Q

What 2 ways might cell penetration take place?

A

Surface fusion or Endocytosis, followed by endocytic fusion

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18
Q

Once inside the cell what process must occur?

A

Uncoating

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19
Q

Where do most DNA viruses replicate?

A

the nucleus

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20
Q

Where do most RNA viruses replicate?

A

Cytoplasm

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21
Q

True or False:

All Viruses carry their own enzymes.

A

False: Most viruses use the cell machinery. Usually only large viruses carry their own enzymes.

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22
Q

What are the phases of virus synthesis?

A

Early and late, although some viruses have a middle phase as well

23
Q

In the ____ phase proteins are synthesized before genome replication: these are the non-structural proteins

A

Early

24
Q

In the ____ phase proteins are synthesized after genome replication: these are the structural proteins

A

Late

25
Q

____ the immediate-early proteins. They are involved in transcriptional regulation and are not found in the mature virion. They are also involved in the control of beta protein synthesis

A

Alpha Proteins

26
Q

____ the early proteins involved also in DNA replication (they include the DNA polymerase and transcription factors). Only a few copies of DNA polymerase need to be made for replication to occur

A

Beta proteins

27
Q

____ the late proteins and structural components of the virus. The synthesis of gamma proteins is initiated after the start of DNA synthesis

A

Gamma Proteins

28
Q

True or False:

RNA is long lived and can be transcribed by RNA polymerase without error.

A

False
RNA is degraded relatively quickly, the RNAdependent RNA polymerase must be provided or synthesized soon after uncoating to generate more viral RNA,
Most viral RNA polymerases work at a fast pace but are also error prone, causing mutations.

29
Q

True or False:

ss(-) RNA are complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA.in order to replicate

A

True

30
Q

True or False:

ss(+) RNA can start translation right away once inside a cell. whereas ss(-) RNA must first transcribe then translate.

A

True

31
Q

(Class III) dsRNA viruses replicate similar to which other RNA virus type? (ClassV) ss(-) or (ClassIV) ss(+)

A

(Class V) ss(-) in that they need transcription first.

32
Q

What is a provirus?

A

A DNA virus that has integrated into the host DNA and remains latent for a time

33
Q

These characterize what kind of virus replication?
•nucleotide replication occurs in the nucleus using a virus-coded enzyme

  • (+) strand RNA’s are synthesized and serve as templates for (-) strand genomic RNA’s.
  • mRNA’s are synthesized from each segment. Some segments give rise to primary transcripts which can be alternatively spliced
A

segmented RNA replication

34
Q

True of False:

Each segment codes for only one protein.

A

False: A single segment can code for more than one protein since the virus has access to splicing machinery. The mRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus

35
Q

How do (Class VI) retroviruses Replicate?

A

(Class VI) retroviruses replicate through a DNA intermediate by copying their RNA into DNA by reverse transcription, a process requiring the enzyme reverse transcriptase carried in the virions

36
Q

True of False:

This is the order of (Class VI) retro virus transcription;
ssRNA → ssDNA → dsDNA → mRNA

A

True

37
Q

True or False:

Infection by viruses is always intracellular.

A

True

38
Q

____ ____ occurs when two viruses co-infect the same cell and share parts of their genome during replication

A

Genetic recombination

39
Q

What is Horizontal transmission?

A

Infection by a person to another person by direct contact or a vector

40
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Passed though lineage like a mother to child through plancenta

41
Q

What is meant by saying viremia?

A

The virus can relocate using the blood

42
Q

What is cytopathogenesis and what does it tell a person?

A

Interaction between cells of the target organ and the virus and it determines the outcome of the viral infection

43
Q

What is the outcome of the lytic cycle of a virus?

A

Release of the virions due to cell lysis.

44
Q

What is the outcome of the lysogenic cycle of a virus?

A

Integration into the host DNA and gets copied every time the cell replicates.

45
Q

What is an Oncogenic infection?

A

Induces uncontrolled replication of infected cells (a.k.a. Cancer)

46
Q

What is a Non permissive cell and how does it effect the infection?

A

a cell that does not permit the virus in any way and causes no infection or an abortive infection.

47
Q

Cells that support viral replication are called?

A

Permissive

48
Q

What is the virus doing in the eclipse period?

A

Uncoating and replicating

49
Q

What happens after the latent period of a virus?

A

Virions release

50
Q

True or False:

The latent period , during which extracellular infectious virus is not detected, includes the eclipse period.

A

True

51
Q

High levels of IgM signal what about an infection?

A

Current Infection

52
Q

High levels of IgG signal what about an infection?

A

Past or advanced infection

53
Q

What is a syncytia?

A

Formation of giant multinucleated cells

54
Q

What is a Prodrome?

A

An early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness.

Virology (5 decks)

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