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Virology > Childhood Virues > Flashcards

Childhood Virues Flashcards

Familiarize Viruses of the young

1
Q

True or False:

Most Childhood Viral dieses are exclusively human and induce life long immunity.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False:

Measles (rubeola) and Mumps belong to the paramyxoviruses family.

A

True

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3
Q

What is a Paramyxovirus?

A

Enveloped (Class V) ss(-) RNA

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4
Q

True or False:

Rubeola (Measles) is a newer discovered virus hard to transfer but transmitted by hugs.

A

False:

Known since Antiquity, Very contagious transmitted by contact with respiratory secretions

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5
Q

What appears as a sure sign of Rubeola infection?

A

Koplik’s spots (Rash in the mucosa)

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6
Q

How long does a Rubeola infection usually last?

A

7 to 10 days

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7
Q

True or False:

Rubeola usually only effects the upper trunk and head of the infection individual. Complications are rare, but include giant cell pneumonia.

A

True

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8
Q

Detection serology involves which anti measles Ig?

A

IgM

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9
Q

True or False:

Measles infection is widespread and common.

A

False

Vaccines have made measles a rare infection in the world today.

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10
Q

Mumps infections are __% subclinical. Very contagious __ days before the infection becomes clinically apparent until about __ days afterwards

A

30, 7, 9

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11
Q

How many known serotypes are there for the Mumps virus and what other species is it found in?

A

Only 1 serotype and humanity is the only known host

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12
Q

Mumps has the ability to infect the lymph nodes from the reparatory system due to what?

A

Viremia

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13
Q

How long is the incubation period of Mumps?

A

18 days

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14
Q

What kind of vaccine is MMR (measles mumps rubeola) and is it effective??

A

MMR vaccine contains live attenuated mumps virus; Is efficient in around 75% to 90% of cases

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15
Q

True or False:

Mumps is easy to diagnose because of the swelling it usually causes somewhere.

A

False:

Detection is difficult because of the large number of asymptomatic cases

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16
Q

What is meant by Togavirus?

A

Latin Toga = cloak, referring to virus envelope

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17
Q

What is a Togavirus?

A

Enveloped (Class IV) ss(+) RNA virus arranged into an icozahedral capsid with spike-like, hemagglutinin-containing surface projections.

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18
Q

True or Fasle:

Human; Rubella virus is the sole member of the Rubivirus genus

A

True

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19
Q

Rubella is also known as ____ measles. and is ____ (more or less) contagious than measles.

A

German, less

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20
Q

What is unusual about Rubella when compared to other Togaviruses?

A

Unlike most togaviruses, it is NOT arthropod borne

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21
Q

Transmission of Rubella is ____ via droplet of respiratory secretions (multiplication in cells of the respiratory system; followed by viremia to reach target organs) and via ____.

A

Transmission of rubella is DIRECT via droplet of respiratory secretions (multiplication in cells of the respiratory system; followed by viremia to reach target organs) and via CONGNITAL INFECTION.

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22
Q

True or False:

Rubella has 5 serotypes and is strictly a human infection.

A

False:

Rubella has 1 serotype but is strictly a human infection.

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23
Q

What is the replication pattern of Rubella?

A

Replication in the nasopharynx and the lymph nodes: lymphadenopathy, followed by viremic (after 4-5 days) spread to target organs.

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24
Q

About how long does the Rubella virus incubate in the nasopharynx?

A

Incubation period 12 to 23 days within the nasopharynx

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25
Q

in Rubella after incubation, the infection usually lasts how long?

26
Q

What are the symptoms or Rubella infection?

A

With rare complication there are, pink diffuse rashes on the face, trunk, then limbs, due to accumulation of immune complexes under the skin

27
Q

What is meant when it is said a virus is Congenital?

A

Can be transferred to a unborn baby from an infected mother.

28
Q

Rubella congenital risk is important for how many weeks?

A

Important risk until the 20th week of gestation

29
Q

True or False:

Congenital Rubella can cause a Systemic infection of the fetus leading to organogenesis disorders that jeopardizes the fetus development. and carries increased risk of abortion or post-natal death

30
Q

True or False:

Clinical results are easy to obtain and can detect infection in 100% people.

A

False:

Clinical diagnosis of rubella is unreliable, therefore, cases must be laboratory confirmed. Particularly for pregnant women.

31
Q

True or False:

In regards to Rubella there is no specific treatment; just isolation of infected patients which can be difficult because of asymptomatic infections

32
Q

Women should avoid pregnancy __ days after vaccination with MMR or MMRV.

33
Q

What is a Parvovirus?

A 
a naked (Class II) ss DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid
*** negative and positive strand are packaged.***
34
Q

What is meant by Parvovirus?

A

Latin parvus (small) referring to the size of virion

35
Q

When it is said Parvovirus is a Dependovirus, what does that mean?

A

Parvoviruses need a helper virus in order to replicate

36
Q

What is unique about Parvoviruses in their replication?

A

They only infect cells that are going through the cell cycle and that undergo DNA replication so They are restricted to the dividing cells of the body: cells of the hematopoietic system and the fetus.

37
Q

What Parvovirus genus is important for humans?

38
Q

What percentage of adults is B19 Seropositive?

39
Q

True or False:

B19 transmission occurs;

  • By respiratory route
  • Through blood is possible
  • Congenital (from mother to fetus)
40
Q

What are the five classical childhood exanthems?

A

measles, varicella, rubella, Roseola and Erythema Infectiosum (B19)

41
Q

B19 infection causes Erythema Infectiosum, What is that?

A

Erythema Infectiosum = Infectious rash.

42
Q

Since B19 virus replicates in erythroid precursor cells it can cause Aplastic Crisis. What is aplastic crisis?

A

B19 causes lysis of these erythroid precursor cells and transient loss of all erythrocyte precursors from the bone marrow, then reticulocytopenia which is variable neutrophils count

43
Q

B19 is Congenital and can lead to fetus death in which trimester (does not cause congenital malformations)?

44
Q

Which two of the common five diseases are caused by viruses belonging to Herpesvirus family?

A

Varicella and Roseola

45
Q

What is meant by Herpesvirus?

A

Latin from herpein (creep), referring to spreading of lesions

46
Q

What is a Herpesvirus?

A

Enveloped (Class I) ds DNA arranged linearly into a icosahedral capsid

47
Q

What are the 3 groups of Herperviruses divided into based on biological and phycical properties including cell tropism and genome organization?

A

Alphaherpesvirus, Betaherpesvirus, Gammaherpesvirus

48
Q

Which virus is within the Alphaherpesvirus that causes chicken pox or zosters (shingles)

A

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

49
Q

Which Betaherpesvirus cause Roseola?

A

Human herpesvirus 6A, 6B, 7

50
Q

Herperviruses contain a unique trait called Tegument, What is a Tegument?

A

The space between the envelope and the capsid is the tegument. This contains virally-encoded proteins and enzymes involved in the initiation of replication

51
Q

Since Herperviruses can be lytic or lysogenic, how does the virus determine which cycle to enter?

A

Viral DNA is transcribed by the cellular DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and regulated by viral-encoded and cellular nuclear factors

52
Q

True of False:

Herperviruses can form syncytia which allow cell to cell transmission?

53
Q

VZV causes what two major diseases?

A
  • Chickenpox (Varicella), usually in childhood (varicella was confounded with smallpox until the 19th Century)
  • Shingles (Zoster), later in life. Shingles is a recurrence of an earlier varicella infection. Recurrence in 10%- 20% of cases
54
Q

What is the incubation period of VZV and how is it transmitted?

A

Incubation: 2 -3 weeks

Transmission of VZV through airborne droplet (respiratory route) and direct contact with vesicles

55
Q

True or False:

Chickenpox (varicella) is;
highly infectious with Primary symptom of fever, sore throat, myalgia

56
Q

Chickenpox (varicella) has to stages of Viremia, what happen in each stage?

A

Primary viremia: The virus spreads from the lungs to lymphocytes and monocytes and to the reticulo-endothelial system.

Secondary viremia occurs 5 days later, the virus travels to the skin, mouth, conjunctiva, respiratory tract

57
Q

VZV is ____ (more or less) deadly the older a person?

58
Q

What is Zoster and does it have a treatment?

A

Is a reactivation of VZV infection after many years of latency May be treated with acyclovir (antiviral nucleotides analogues)

59
Q

How common is Human herpesvirus 6A, 6B, 7 (HHV6&7)?

A

Worldwide, found in the saliva of the majority of adults (>90%)

All children infected by the age of 2, life-long immunity

60
Q

What symptoms does Human herpesvirus 6A, 6B, 7 (HHV6&7) cause in children?

A

Symptoms include fever and upper respiratory tract infection and lymphadenopathy, lasting few days after an incubation period of 14 days.

Virology (5 decks)

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