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Virology > GI Viruses > Flashcards

GI Viruses Flashcards

Learn about the GI viruses

1
Q

There are five Important viruses that cause gastroenteritis, What are they?

A 
(RAANE) 
• Rotavirus
• Adenovirus
• Astrovirus
• Norovirus
• Enterovirus
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2
Q

Out of the Important viruses that cause gastroenteritis, Which 2 predominantly cause acute gastroenteritis?

A

(RoAd)

Rotavirus and Adenovirus are predominantly the cause of acute gastroenteritis

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3
Q

What is gastro-enteritis?

A

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract – the stomach and small intestine.

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4
Q

Ture or False:

Gastroenteritis is always caused by viruses.

A

False

Gastroenteritis could be bacterial, viral or parasitic

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5
Q

How many children die from gastroenteritis per year?

A

4-6 million

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6
Q

What is meant by Reovirus?

A

(R) Respiratory (E) Enteric (O)Orphan viruses

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7
Q

What kind of virus is Reovirus?

A

Reovirus is a Naked (Class III) linear ds RNA in 10-12 segments arranged into a icosahedral capsid

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8
Q

Reovirus is a type of _____ virus.

A

Rotavirus

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9
Q

True of False:

In Rotavirus there are three concentric viral protein shells (VP 2, 6, 7) enclose 11 gene segments

A

True

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10
Q

In Rotavirus on the outer shell which two viral proteins define the serotype and provide protection?

A

VP7 and VP4

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11
Q

5 serotypes of rotavirus _____ accounts for 90% of isolates from children younger than 5 years. Of these, the ___ strain accounted for more than 75% of isolates

A

5 serotypes of rotavirus (G1-4, G9) accounts for 90% of isolates from children younger than 5 years. Of these, the G1 strain accounted for more than 75% of isolates

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12
Q

Which of the following are methods of contamination of Rotavirus;
– Needle sharing
– Sexual Intercourse
– Contamination occurs through water or food
– Contamination is possible through aerosols

A

– Contamination occurs through water or food

and

– Contamination is possible through aerosols

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13
Q

True of False:

Rotavirus is very stable at room temperature, can survive detergents, freezing and thawing as well as wide range pH (3.5- 10),

A

True

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14
Q

How many serotypes of Rotavirus are there?

A

(15): Six are based on antibodies to VP7 (G type=Glycoprotein) divided into A and B, nine based on VP4 (P type=Protease) outer capsid proteins

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15
Q

Rotavirus has an Incubation of ___ hours then causes Diarrhea and vomiting.

A

Rotavirus has an Incubation of 48 hours then causes Diarrhea and vomiting.

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16
Q

The main cause of mortality in rotavirus is _____, due to Diarrhea.

A

Dehydration

17
Q

Antibodies against __ and __ probably important for protection

A

Antibodies against VP7 and VP4 probably important for protection

18
Q

True or False:

First infection usually does NOT lead to permanent immunity so a less severe reinfection can occur at any age.

A

True

19
Q

Which of the following are possible Treatment, control and prevention of rotavirus.

– Symptomatic treatment: rehydration with a solution containing balanced electrolytes and salt
– Antiemetics for vomiting children older than 6 months
– Control by hygiene
– Vaccine available since 2007 for infants

A

All of them

20
Q

What are the main two vaccines for Rotavirus?

A

RotaTeq (Merck) and ROTARIX (GSK)

21
Q

What kind of vaccine is Rotateq (Merck) and when should it be administered?

A

Live oral pentavalent vaccine, RV5 contains five live attenuated strains 3-doses schedule (age 2, 4, 6 months, minimum age of 1st dose is 6 weeks

22
Q

What kind of vaccine is ROTARIX (GSK) and when should it be administered?

A

Live oral monovalent vaccine. RV1 contains one live attenuated strains Two doses: 3 and 4 months

23
Q

Norovirus is a subgroup (genus) within what viral family?

A

Caliciviruses

24
Q

What kind of virus is Astrovirus?

A

A nonenveloped (Class II) ds RNA virus in a single strand.

25
Q

Astrovirus is known to cause ___ (more or less) severe gastroenteritis than that caused by other enteric pathogens

A

Less

26
Q

In immunosuppressed adults, what virus is reportedly the most common viral agent associated with diarrhea?

A

Astroviruses are reportedly the most common viral agent associated with diarrhea in immunosuppressed adults

27
Q

What is the structure of Norovirus (Calicivirus)?

A

Round shaped non-enveloped (Class IV) ss(+) RNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry that contains a single capsid protein

28
Q

True or False:

Calciviruses can’t be grown in cell culture but Norwalk viruses can.

A

False

Calciviruses can be grown in cell culture but not Norwalk (Noro) viruses.

29
Q

Norovirus and Rotovirus are similar in that they have a ____ ____ Infectious dose?

A

very low

30
Q

True or False:

Norovirus and Rotovirus are similar in their stability except norovirus is more resilient to chlorine.

A

True

31
Q

How does Norovirus cause Diarrhea?

A

Shortening of microvilli, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles and disturbance of water absorption and loss of ions resulting in watery diarrhea

32
Q

What is the incubation period of Norovirus and how long does it last?

A

12 hours to 4 days Symptoms usually resolve within 24-48 hours after manifestation.

33
Q

Can recurrent infections occur with Norovirus?

A

Yes, Recurrent infections can occur throughout life because of the diversity of norovirus strains and lack of cross strain or long term immunity

34
Q

True or False:

Treatment and prevention of Noroviruses can be treated completely with Bismuth subsalicylate

A

False

No specific antiviral therapy, but Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce the severity.

35
Q

True or False:

Adenovirus can cause a different infection by infecting different areas of the body.

A

True

36
Q

What serotypes of Adenovirus cause Gastroenteritis?

A

serotype 40 and 42 a.k.a. group F

Virology (5 decks)

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