Intro

Question 1

Immunity refers to

Answer 1

the ability to respond to foreign substances regardless of the physiologic or pathological consequences of such a reaction. Mediated by molecules, cells, tissues

Question 2

Cluster of differentation

Answer 2

Cell surface molecules expressed on various cell types designated by a CD number. Used to define cell types, receptors, ect.

Question 3

Innate immunity

Answer 3

protection against infections that relies on mechanisms that exist before infection, are capable of rapid responses to microbes, and react in essentially the same way to repeat infections

Question 4

Characteristics of innate immunity

Answer 4

rapid response
Not Ag specific, limited diversity
No memory
Stimulates adaptive

Question 5

eosinophils

Answer 5

differentiation signal: IL-15

Combat multi-cellular parasites

Play a major role in atopic disease

Question 6

Basophils

Answer 6

Bi lobed nucleus
non-phagocytic
release pharmocologically active substances contained wihtin granules
associated with atopic disease

Question 7

Mast Cells

Answer 7

Can be stimulated to degranulate by direct injury, chemical, alcohols, and certain antibiotics, cross-linking of IgE receptors or by activated C proteins

Play a key role in the inflammatory process

High affinity receptor: CD23

Question 8

Inflammatory mediators released by mast cells

Answer 8

Granule contents: Immediate - histamine, proteases, heparin, TNF

Membrane-derived: Minutes - prostaglandins, leukotrienes, PAF

Cytokines: hours - IL-1, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8, TNF

Question 9

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 9

Activated by IL-12 (from macrophages), IL-15, Type I IFNs
Secrete IFN-Gamma (activates Macrophages)

Principle mediator of ADAC
CD16+ CD56+

Question 10

Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity

Answer 10

Specificity 
Diversity 
Memory
Clonal Expansion
Specialization 
Contraction and homeostasis 
Non-reactivity to self