Activation of Adaptive

Question 1

two ways innate initiates adaptive

Answer 1

process/present Ag

co-stimulatory receptor molecules

Question 2

MHC/HLA class I found on

Answer 2

all nucleated cells

Question 3

MHC/HLA class II found on

Answer 3

professional APCs: DCs, macrophages, b lymphocytes and some thymocytes

Question 4

HLA genes located on chromosome

Answer 4

chromosome 6

Question 5

HLA alleles code for protein Ag necessary to

Answer 5

discriminate self and nonself

Question 6

HLA from parents expressed

Answer 6

co-dominantly

Question 7

class I HLA

Answer 7

class 1 == one letter (A, B, C)
code for glycoproteins expressed on all nucleated cells
present Ag to CTLs
inhibitory receptor for NK cells

Question 8

class I HLA structure

Answer 8

alpha chain (3/4 globular domains) 
beta2 microglobulin (1/4 globular domain) 
non HLA encoded - associated noncovalently with alpha 3 domain of alpha chain

Question 9

class I peptides

Answer 9

short - 8-10 AA

closed ends between alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains

Question 10

Class I MHC synthesized in

Answer 10

the er

where it interacts with b2 microglobulin

Question 11

class II HLA

Answer 11

encoded by HLA-D genes
DP, DQ, DR (class II = two letters)
membrane bound glycoproteins on APCs
present Ag to CD4+ T cells

Question 12

Class II HLA structure

Answer 12

alpha and beta chain both encoded by HLA-D

Not covalently linked

Question 13

class II peptides

Answer 13

13-18 AA

binds in alpha 1 beta 1 globular domains

Question 14

class II HLA synthesized in

Answer 14

ER
interact with invariant chain - binds A/B chains and blocks peptide binding groove/ directs to endocytosis pathway (where invariant is degraded class II is free to bind whatever Ag was picked up in the endocytosed vesicle)
then transported to cell surface

Question 15

MHC class I su that binds CD8

Answer 15

alpha 3

Question 16

MHC class II su that binds CD4

Answer 16

beta2

Question 17

after an Ag is taken up by APC

Answer 17

lose adhesive markers
up-regulate CCR7
increase expression of CD80

Question 18

class II mhc processing

Answer 18

loads exogenous Ag
peptide loaded onto binding groove in late endosome
CLIP (invariant chain) protein protects binding groove until MHC is ready to receive Ag
exocytosed after association

Question 19

class I MHC processing

Answer 19

loads cytosolic Ag 
TAP loads fragments from proteasome into the ER where they get trimmed and placed in peptide binding groove of MHC class I molecule (alpha chain only)

Question 20

cross presentation

Answer 20

DCs present Ag to CTLs and CD4+ cells for most robust response

Question 21

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the spine
HLA-B27 gene implicated
either not binding antigenic peptide correctly for removal
or presenting something that it shouldnt

Question 22

Rheumatic fever

Answer 22

generation of Ab against streptococci Ag that cross reacts with cardiac tissue
HLA-DR4 allele predisposes patients to RF

Question 23

Bare lymphocyte syndrome

Answer 23

TAP nonfunctional - no peptides enter ER
Class I HLA molecules dont leave ER
cells dont present Ag

can also be caused by inherited defect in HLA class II transactivator – no class II expression on APCs