Activation of Innate Flashcards
TNF
From: Macrophages, T cells, Mast cells targets | effects: endothelial cells | activation (inflammation, coag) Neutrophils | activation Hypothalamus | fever Liver | APP production Muscle | Fat catabolism and apoptosis in other cell types
IL-1
From: Macrophages, DCs, Endothelial, some epithelial, mast
Targets | effects:
Endothelial cells | activation (coag, inflammation)
Hypothalamus | fever
Liver | APP production
T cells | Th17 differentiation
Chemokines
From Macrophages, DCs, endothelial, T cells, fibroblasts, platelets
Targets | effects
leukocytes | increase integrity affinity - chemotaxis, activation
IL-12
From: DCs, Macrophages
Targets | Effects
NK cells and T cells | IFN-gamma production, increase cytotoxic ability
T cells | Th1 differentiation
IFN-gamma
From: NK cells, T lymphocytes
Targets | Effects
Macrophages | activation
Type 1 IFNs
From: DCs, Macrophages (alpha), fibroblasts (beta)
Targets | Effects
all cells | antiviral state, increase class I MHC expression
NK cells | activation
IL-10
From: Macrophages, DC, T cells
Targets | Effects
macrophages, DCs | inhibition of cytokine production and chemokine production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC
IL-6
From Macrophages, endothelial, T cells
Targets | effects
Liver | APP production
B cells | proliferation of Ab producing cells
IL-15
From: Macrophages, others (???)
Target | Effects
NK, T cells | proliferation
IL-18
From Macrophages
Target | Effects
NK, T cells | IFN-gamma synthesis
TGF-beta
from many cell types
inhibits inflammation
T cells | differentation of TH17 regulatory T cells
Involved in contraction of immune response
TGF-Beta from many cell types
IL-10 from macrophages, DCs, Tregs
Effects of endogenous pyrogens (5 systems)
Liver - APP production
Bone-marrow endothelium - mobilize neutrophils
Hypothalamus - increase body temp
Fat, muscle - mobilize protein/fat to generate increase body temp
DCs - migration to lymph nodes and maturation to initiate adaptive immune response
stimulates DC migration to lymph nodes and maturation
TNF-alpha
cytokines induce the hypothalamus to produce heat because
bacterial/viral replication is decreased at higher temperature
+ Ag processing
+ adaptive immunity
human cells become more resistant to the negative effect of TNF