Activation of Innate Flashcards

1
Q

TNF

A
From: Macrophages, T cells, Mast cells 
targets | effects:
endothelial cells | activation (inflammation, coag) 
Neutrophils | activation 
Hypothalamus | fever
Liver | APP production 
Muscle | Fat catabolism 
and apoptosis in other cell types
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2
Q

IL-1

A

From: Macrophages, DCs, Endothelial, some epithelial, mast
Targets | effects:
Endothelial cells | activation (coag, inflammation)
Hypothalamus | fever
Liver | APP production
T cells | Th17 differentiation

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3
Q

Chemokines

A

From Macrophages, DCs, endothelial, T cells, fibroblasts, platelets
Targets | effects
leukocytes | increase integrity affinity - chemotaxis, activation

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4
Q

IL-12

A

From: DCs, Macrophages
Targets | Effects
NK cells and T cells | IFN-gamma production, increase cytotoxic ability
T cells | Th1 differentiation

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5
Q

IFN-gamma

A

From: NK cells, T lymphocytes
Targets | Effects
Macrophages | activation

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6
Q

Type 1 IFNs

A

From: DCs, Macrophages (alpha), fibroblasts (beta)
Targets | Effects
all cells | antiviral state, increase class I MHC expression
NK cells | activation

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7
Q

IL-10

A

From: Macrophages, DC, T cells
Targets | Effects
macrophages, DCs | inhibition of cytokine production and chemokine production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC

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8
Q

IL-6

A

From Macrophages, endothelial, T cells
Targets | effects
Liver | APP production
B cells | proliferation of Ab producing cells

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9
Q

IL-15

A

From: Macrophages, others (???)
Target | Effects
NK, T cells | proliferation

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10
Q

IL-18

A

From Macrophages
Target | Effects
NK, T cells | IFN-gamma synthesis

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11
Q

TGF-beta

A

from many cell types
inhibits inflammation
T cells | differentation of TH17 regulatory T cells

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12
Q

Involved in contraction of immune response

A

TGF-Beta from many cell types

IL-10 from macrophages, DCs, Tregs

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13
Q

Effects of endogenous pyrogens (5 systems)

A

Liver - APP production
Bone-marrow endothelium - mobilize neutrophils
Hypothalamus - increase body temp
Fat, muscle - mobilize protein/fat to generate increase body temp
DCs - migration to lymph nodes and maturation to initiate adaptive immune response

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14
Q

stimulates DC migration to lymph nodes and maturation

A

TNF-alpha

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15
Q

cytokines induce the hypothalamus to produce heat because

A

bacterial/viral replication is decreased at higher temperature
+ Ag processing
+ adaptive immunity
human cells become more resistant to the negative effect of TNF

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16
Q

Hepatocytes produce what in response to IL-6

A

acute phase proteins

c-reactive protein, fibrinogen, mannose binding lectin

17
Q

diagnostic marker of acute inflammation

A

levels of acute phase proteins in serum can be used to follow disease progression and treatment due to their characteristic of increasing rapidly due to infection, injury, inflammation, trauma

18
Q

functions of complement

A

stimulates infection, facilitates antigen phagocytosis and can lyse some cells directly

19
Q

primary opsonization complement fragment

A

C3b

20
Q

anaphyalotoxins

A

C3a, C4a, C5a - increase vascular permeability to get stuff in and out of damaged/infected tissue by inducing smooth muscle contraction and degranulation of mast cells/ basophils

21
Q

P and E selectin

A

expression on endothelium increased by IL-1 and TNF

binds rolling leukocytes for extravasation

22
Q

neutrophil homing signal

A

LFA1-ICAM1, IL-8, IL-8L

23
Q

Macrophage homing signal

A

VLA-4 - VCAM1, CCR2 - CCL2

24
Q

processes of acute inflammatory response

A

vasodilation
increased vascular permeability
emigration of leukocytes from blood into damaged area

25
Q

proteins of inflammatory exudate

A

clotting proteins
complement proteins
kinin cascade (vasodilation)
fibrinolytic (to degrade clot when wound has healed)

26
Q

LAD

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency
leukocytes cannot leave vasculature to migrate into tissue because defective beta2 chain of integrins (CD18)
defects in CD18 lead to low/no surface expression of CD11a, b, c

delayed separation of umbilical cord/omphalitis - recurrent bacterial infections of skin and mucosal, leukocytosis, periodontitis, impaired wound healing, absent pus formation