Intro

Question 1

What is Bioenergetics?

Answer 1

The study of energy production in living systems.

Question 2

What is Metabolism?

Answer 2

The sum total of all simultaneously occurring exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Question 3

What is Thermodynamics?

Answer 3

Branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

Question 4

What are the forms of energy?

Answer 4

Mechanical (Neuromuscular)
Chemical (Food)
Electromagnetic
Nuclear

Question 5

How do living systems use energy?

Answer 5

Energy is stored in the bonds of food molecules. Energy is released when those bonds are broken.

Question 6

What is glycogen?

Answer 6

Stored form of glucose. Found in muscle and liver.

Question 7

What is glucose?

Answer 7

Simple sugar that is a big source of energy. Found in the blood and is the main sugar that the body makes out of the macronutrients.

Question 8

What are substrates?

Answer 8

Type of fuel for exercise.

Question 9

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 9

Build up

Question 10

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 10

Breakdown

Question 11

What are the 4 substrates?

Answer 11

PCr
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

Question 12

In what sequence do you use the substrates?

Answer 12

1. PCr
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fats
4. Proteins

Question 13

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 13

Muscle or liver

Question 14

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 14

Three fatty acid with a glycerol back bone.

Question 15

What is oxidation?

Answer 15

Loss of electrons.

Question 16

What is reduction?

Answer 16

Addition of electrons.

Question 17

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 17

Breakdown of ATP.

Question 18

ADP is closely related to…

Answer 18

Velocity

Question 19

Phosphate is closely related to…

Answer 19

Force

Question 20

Cells often involve the transfer of _________ rather than free electrons.

Answer 20

Hydrogen atoms

Question 21

Oxidation and reduction are always________.

Answer 21

Coupled reactions

Question 22

Exercise metabolism

Answer 22

The study of how the body provides the energy necessary to generate the desired power output.

Question 23

What is fatigue?

Answer 23

The inability to maintain a desired power output.

Question 24

What are the 4 major sites that ATP hydrolysis during muscular work?

Answer 24

1. Cross bridge cycle (Most ATP breakdown 75%)
2. SR Ca pumps
3. Sarcolemma NA/K pumps
4. Neuronal membrane NA/K pumps

Question 25

If fatigue is not related to ATP depletion what is?

Answer 25

The rate of ATP re-synthesis.

Question 26

What is the primary cause of fatigue?

Answer 26

The inability to match the rate of ATP re-synthesis with the rate of ATP hydrolysis.
(Rate of ATP re-synthesis

Question 27

When are the 3 energy systems working?

Answer 27

The 3 energy systems are always working depends on the rate of your exercise which will define which is primary.

Question 28

What are the 3 energy systems?

Answer 28

Immediate
Glycolysis
Oxidative

Question 29

What is the role of an enzyme?

Answer 29

Speed up the process and help with reaction.

Question 30

What is the factor on what system you use?

Answer 30

Rate of the work demand

Question 31

Why are NAD and FAD needed?

Answer 31

To transport electrons in form of hydrogen.

Question 32

Where is hydrogen transported to?

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

What factors affect the control of the metabolic systems?

Answer 33

1. Concentration of the substrate
2. Concentration of the enzyme
3. Concentration of co-factors or co-enzymes
4. Velocity of enzyme reaction
5. Binding affinity of the substrate/enzyme
6. Capacity of delivery systems
7. End products “waste” removal