Anaerobic Bio-energetic Systems (Immediate) (ATP-PCr)

Question 1

When is the Phosphogen (immediate) system used?

Answer 1

Its used when you start (readily available)

Question 2

What is readily available in the phosphogen (immediate) system?

Answer 2

ATP and PCr in the muscle

Question 3

Where does phosphogen (immediate) system all take place?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Immediate system consists of what 2 parts?

Answer 4

1. Phosphagen System (ATP-CP)

2. Myokinase System

Question 5

What enzyme does the Phosphagen System (ATP-CP) use?

Answer 5

Creatine phosphokinase or also known as Creatine Kinase

Question 6

What enzyme does the Myokinase System use?

Answer 6

Myokinase or also known as Adenylate Kinase

Question 7

What is the Phosphagen System’s (ATP-CP) reaction?

Answer 7

ADP + CP ===CPK===> ATP + C

Question 8

What is the Myokinase System’s reaction?

Answer 8

ADP + ADP ===myokinase===> ATP + AMP

Question 9

The creatine in the Phosphagen System is limited. What happens when the creatine runs out?

Answer 9

As ATP hydrolysis, the ADP starts to build up and starts the myokinase reaction.

Question 10

Why does the Myokinase System go both ways?

Answer 10

For storing ATP or to keep balance in the cell (equilibrium)

Question 11

What can cause the Myokinase System to go backwards?

Answer 11

The build up of AMP can force the reaction to work backwards, so you end up producing ADP not ATP.

Question 12

What does the muscle cell do to keep the AMP low?

Answer 12

1. Fast myosin:
   AMP + H2O ===AMP deaminase===> IMP+ NH3
2. Slow Myosin
   AMP ===non-specific phosphotase===> Adenosine + Pi

Question 13

What are the advantages of the Immediate System?

Answer 13

1. Fast system
2. One step for both CPK and myokinase means less chance of failure.
3. Pump primer

Question 14

What is pump primer?

Answer 14

Help activate other metabolic systems.

Question 15

What are the by-products of pump primer?

Answer 15

ADP, AMP and NH3

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of the Immediate System?

Answer 16

1. Does not re-synthesis ATP directly from ADP and Pi. (impact on ADP and Pi)
2. Limited by the concentrations of CP and ATP.
3. Pi becomes high (Force low).
4. Re-synthesis of CP and re-conversion of AMP and IMP back to ATP are costly.

Question 17

What is glucose?

Answer 17

Simple sugar that is a big source of energy. Found in the blood and is the main sugar that the body makes out of the macro-nutrients.

Question 18

What is glycogen?

Answer 18

Stored form of glucose. Found in muscle and liver.