Anaerobic Bio-energetic Systems (Intermediate) (Glycolysis)

Question 1

What is glycogen?

Answer 1

Storage form of glucose. Found in muscle and liver.

Question 2

What is glycolysis?

Answer 2

Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.

Question 3

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 3

Process by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver.

Question 4

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 4

Process by which glycogen is broken into glucose-1-phosphate to be used by muscles.

Question 5

What are the by-products of gycolysis?

Answer 5

2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH

Question 6

What are the key enzymes in glycolysis?

Answer 6

Hexokinase (HK)
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Phosphorylase

Question 7

In what sequence are the key enzymes used?

Answer 7

1. Hexokinase (HK)
2. Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
3. Phosphorylase

Question 8

What is the rate limiting enzyme?

Answer 8

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 9

What is the reaction where hexokinase (HK) is present?

Answer 9

Glucose ===HK===> G-6-P

Question 10

What is the reaction where Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is present?

Answer 10

F-6-P ===PFK===> F-1, 6-DP

Question 11

Why is phosphate used in most of the reactions?

Answer 11

Its a high energy molecule; activates anything its put on.

Question 12

What slows down the PFK reaction?

Answer 12

Pyruvate build up

Question 13

Where does NADH go to?

Answer 13

Electron transport chain

Question 14

What are the advantages of glycolysis?

Answer 14

1. Quick reaction (occurs on site in the cytoplasm)
2. Re-synthesizes ATP from ADP and PI
3. Decreases Pi and ADP

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of glycolysis?

Answer 15

1. Dependent on glucose and glycogen
2. Dependent on NAD
3. Multiple steps increase chances of failure
4. Re-synthesizes only a small amount of ATP (2 or 3 ATP)
5. End product build up will eventually lead to a system slow down.

Question 16

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Answer 16

Lactate

Question 17

What does the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) do?

Answer 17

Converts pyruvate into Acetyl CoA

Question 18

How many ATP’s do you get when you start glycolysis with glucose?

Answer 18

2 ATP

Question 19

How many ATP’s do you get when you start glycolysis with glycogen?

Answer 19

3 ATP

Question 20

In strenuous exercise, energy demand exceed 02 supply in ETC and inhibit NADH. What happens next?

Answer 20

Pyruvate reduces to lactate and NADH reduces to NAD. NAD returns to get more hydrogen and Glycolysis continues.

Question 21

What is glucose?

Answer 21

Simple sugar that is a big source of energy. Found in the blood and is the main sugar that the body makes out of the macronutrients.

Question 22

What speeds up the PFK reaction?

Answer 22

ADP build up