Intro Flashcards
Therapy
The treatment of disease or disorders, as by some remedial, rehabiltiating or curative process
Why is food so important for injured people
The body needs extra fuel to heal itself
Nitorgen balance
Nitrogen intake - nitrogen loss
Adults should have a 0 balance
How is nutritional status assessed
Anthropometry
Considerations around weight
Lab tests
What is nitrogen balance used for
To estimate protein requirements
Adults should have a what nitrogen balance
0
Who would have a positive nitrogen status
Growing infants, children, adolescents, pregnant women and those recovering from illness should have a positive nitrogen status.
Why would someone have a negative nitrogen balance
Negative nitrogen balance means the amount of nitrogen excreted is higher then the amount ingested often associated with malnutrition and other conditions like
Sources of nitrogen?
High protein foods
Nitrogen output calculated by
by a 24 hour analysis of urinary urea nitrogen level.
Dietary hx includes
Diabetic
Known allergies
Preferences
Dietary assessment
24 hour recall
Food frequency
Food record
Direct observation
IBW
Ideal Body Weight (Baseline)
Rapid weight gain can indicate
Fluid shift
When considering abnormal V/S consider
Previous day to notice trends (improvements), check charts (baseline)
Weight loss within ___ percent within one week or ___ percent over one month suggest begginig malnutriton
2, 5
BMI
Persons weight in Kg/by square height in metres
Why is waist circumference significant?
help to assess obesity-related health risk. Even at a healthy weight, excess fat carried around the waist can increase your risk of high blood pressure, high [blood] cholesterol, heart disease and type-2 diabetes
Health is at risk if your waist is greater than
40 inches for men
35 inches for women
Diet drug interaciton examples
Reduce appetite
Increase appetite and weight gain
Alter absorption, metabolism and exccretion of nutrients
Some interactions can become toxic
Drug effects related to eating
N/V
Diarrhea/constipation
Alters taste
Suppress appetite
Dry mouth
Cause inflammation and lesions in mouth
Sedate
Stimulate food intake (weight gain)
Food does what to absorption
Delays absorption
How can calcium affect medication
can bind to some antibiotics reducing absorption of both
Vitamin K rich foods effect drug
Weaken effect of blood thinner
Grapefruit juice effect on druges
Increases blood concentrations of some drugs
Cautions same for tangelos and Seville (sour) oranges
Herbs that enhance blood thinners
St Johns Wart
Ginsing
Garlic
etc.
Dieretics excrete what with fluid
Calcium, potassium, magnesium
Dietary effects on drug excretion
Inadequate excretion of medications can cause toxicity
Excessive losses of medications can reduce the therapeutic effect
Urine acidity can affect drug excretion
Diff bw generic and trade name drugs
Generic drugs are less expensive than trade name nut may differ in their bioavaila blility
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the drug as it moves thrugh the body
Biotransformation is another word for
Metabolism
Metabolism means simply
Converting a drug to s form that is usually removed from th ebody more easily
Minimum Effective conc
Amount of drug required to produce therapeutic effect
Toxic concentration
Amount of drug that will cause adverse effets
Maintenece doses attempt to keep the drug dosage within plasma in
a thereapeutic range
Pharmacodynamics
How the drug CHANGES in the body
Concerned with mechanisms of drug action, and the relationships bw drug conc and respsones in the body
Frequency Distribution Curve
Graph of the number of individuals who respond to a drug at different doses
The dose in middle of the frequency distribution curve represents the drug’s
Median effective dose
Median lethal dose
A dosage deterined in preclinical trials as part of the drug development process, uit is the dose that will be lethal to 50% of people
Therapeutic index
A ratio of the drugs Lethal dose to it’s effective dose
The larger the differnce bw these doses , the greater the tereapeutic index
A potent drug is one that will
Produce a therapeutic effect at a lower dose compared with another drug in the same clas
rug efficancuy
the magnitutde of maxismjm response that can be produced from a particular drug
