Anti-Infectives

Question 1

Penicillin

Answer 1

Gram Positive, Broad spectrum

Inhib Cell wall synth

AE: Anaphylaxis, C. Diff, thrombocytopenia

Question 2

Cephalosporins

Answer 2

G + (Ceftriaxone only) and -, Broad spec

Inhib Cell wall synth

PO/IV/IM

can predispose clients to pseudomembranous colitis especially if there is a preexisting GI pathology.

AE: Leukopenia, thrombocytosis (too many), SJS, TEN`

Question 3

Carbapenems/ Imipenem

Answer 3

G- (the big guns)

Cell wall synth inhib

ONLY IV

ND
Thrombophlebitis

Question 4

Tetracyclines

Answer 4

G+/- BROAD

Mostly PO

Erythromycin

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor - Static
, hepatoxicity, Anaphylaxi, Exfoliative dermatitis, discoloured teeth

Question 5

Macrolides

Answer 5

G+

PO/IV

Protein synth inhib

Static/cidal

Gentamycin
Streptomycin

Phlebitis
Cardiotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Ototox

Question 6

Aminoglycosides

Answer 6

Gram -

IM

Protein synth inhib
Cidal

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
NM block

Question 7

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 7

G +/-

PO

DNA synth inhib

Cidal

Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin

Dysrhthmias
CNS disturbances

Question 8

Vancomycin

Answer 8

G+

PO/IV

MOST effective drug for MRSA infections

AE: Ototoxicity, hearing must be reevaluated frequently
nephrotoxicity
Red Man syndrome (HOTN, flushing, red rash on face and upper body)

Question 9

How to avoid inducing red man syndrome

Answer 9

Administer vancomycin slowly IV