Intro

Question 1

The dermis is _______to the epidermis and subcutaneous layer of the skin but _____ to the epidermis.

Answer 1

The dermis is intermediate to the epidermis and subcutaneous layer of the skin but inferior (caudal) to the epidermis.

Question 2

Why is it important to suture wounds a certain direction depending on the location of the body?

Answer 2

Due to Langer lines: cleavage lines in the skin under tension & when collagen fibers are disturbed (sutures not following these lines) the wound gapes

Question 2

Jeopardy style: answer in a question format

resilient, semirigid connective tissue; where movement occurs

Answer 2

what is a cartilage?

Question 3

Name the types of joint classifications and give an example

Answer 3

synovial joints (surrounded by articular/joint capsule containing the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid) ; knee

fibrous joints (united by firbous tissue) ; uncapable of movement like sutures of the cranium or partially moveable like the interosseous joint of the radius and ulna

cartilaginous joints (united by hyaline or fibrocartilage) ; hyaline present during develpment of long bones and fibrocartilage in vertebrae

Question 4

The muscle of the arm are _______to its bone (humerus).

Answer 4

The muscle of the arm are superficial to its bone (humerus).

Question 4

Describe Endochondral ossification and give an example.

Answer 4

Endochondral ossification: cartilage forms first & is replaced by bone

long bones

Question 4

How can we divide the nervous system to facilitate study?

Answer 4

Structurally divided into central and peripheral nervous systems

AND

Functionally divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems

NS–> CNS and PNS

PNS–> somatic and ANS

Question 5

Where would you find

A. capitulum

B. condyle

C. Crest

D. Facet

E. fossa

Answer 5

A. small, round, articular head - the capitulum of the humerus

B. rounded, kunckle-like articular area - lateral and medial femoral condyles

C. ridge of bone- the iliac crest

D. where a bone articulates with another bone (facet on the body of the vertebra for articulation with a rib)

E. hollow or depressed area (infraspinous fossa of the scapula)

Question 5

Fill in the Blanks

PNS: afferent or ______ fibers convey impulses to ____; ______ or motor fibers convey impulses to_______

Answer 5

PNS: afferent or _sensory _fibers convey impulses to CNS; _efferent or _motor fibers convey impulses to effector organs

Question 6

Name long and short bones.

Answer 6

Long: humerus, femur

Short: tarsals and carpals

Question 7

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 7

bones of the limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Question 9

The 1st digit (thumb) is on the ______ side of the hand.

Answer 9

The 1st digit (thumb) is on the lateral side of the hand.

Question 9

what are the two functional parts of the skeletal system?

Answer 9

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Question 10

Fill in the following:

Spinal Nerves are part of the _____ Nervous system and end at the spinal cord (CNS).

Form 2 nerve roots: ___________ via a(n) _____ pathway to motor fibers while senosory fibers send signals via the________pathway to the _______; the 2 nerve roots merge to form a mixed spinal nerve

Answer 10

Spinal Nerves are part of the _peripheral _nervous system.

Form 2 nerve roots: ventral or anterior via an efferent pathway to motor fibers while senosory fibers send signals via the afferent pathway to the dorsal (posterior); the 2 nerve roots merge to form a mixed spinal nerve

Question 11

Name the types of bones

Answer 11

Bones: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones

Question 11

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 11

skull, hyoid bone, cervical vertebrae, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and sacrum

Question 12

Where would you find the following:

A. protuberance

B. trochanter

C. trochlea

Answer 12

A. projection of a bone - external occipital protuberance and on C7

B. large blunt elevation -the greater tronchater of the femur

C. spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley - trochlea of the humerus

Question 13

Describe Intramembranous ossification and give an example

Answer 13

Intramembranous ossification: bones form during embryonic period with direct ossification in fetal period

embryonic flat bones like the skull, pelvis, clavicle

Question 15

what can be found in the subcutaneous layer of the skin?

Answer 15

Subcutaneous tissue: loose, fatty connective tissue

Question 17

Name the anatomical planes

Answer 17

Anatomical Planes: median, sagittal, coronal(frontal), horizontal (transverse) inferior

Question 18

Name some flat, irregular and sesamoid bones.

Answer 18

flat: usually for protective functions like the cranium
irregular: bones of the face
sesamoid: patella

Question 20

Which study of anatomy incorporates regional and system approaches?

Answer 20

Clinical Anatomy: emphasizes aspects of structure and function of the body important in the practice of medicine, dentistry and allied health sciences; incorporates regional & systemic approaches & stresses clinical applications

Question 22

Who discovered circulation?

Answer 22

William Harvey

Question 23

Which layer of the skin has deep connective tissue; hair follicles, arrector muscles of hairs, sebaceous glands, collagen & elastic fibers?

Answer 23

the dermis

Question 24

What is surface anatomy ?

Answer 24

observing the surface of the body and the structures under it; knowing what is in the area being examined; physical examination is the clinical application of surface anatomy

Question 25

Fill in:

______ rotation of arm is bringing it towards the midline or ______ while _______ rotation of the arm is bringing the arm to the anatomical position or _____

Answer 25

Internal rotation of arm is bringing it towards the midline or medial rotation while external rotation of the arm is bringing the arm to the anatomical position or lateral rotation

Question 27

Which is the superficial layer of the skin?

Answer 27

epidermis

Question 28

What is the study of body systems called?

Answer 28

Systemic Anatomy: study of body systems (integumentary, skeletal, articular, muscular, nervous, circulatory, digestive or alimentary, respiratory, urinary, reproductive or genital, endocrine)

Question 29

Which study of anatomy is the most common method ? and Define it .

Answer 29

Regional Anatomy: structural relationships of parts of body in a given region

Question 30

How are skeletal muscle attached and what allows for such movement?

Answer 30

Skeletal Muscle: attach directly or indirectly thru tendons to bones, cartilage, ligaments, fascia; one attachment stays fixed (origin) and one moves (insertion); cause movement by shortening

Question 31

describe the anatomical position

Answer 31

Anatomical Position: standing erect with eyes forward, upper limbs at sides palms facing forward, lower limbs together with feet forward

Question 32

The elbow is ______ to the wrist, and the______ part of an artery is its beginning.

Answer 32

The elbow is proximal to the wrist, and the proximal part of an artery is its beginning.

Question 33

What are the types of bone tissue development?

Answer 33

Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral ossification

Question 34

Fill in the Blanks:

Skin is______to muscle and muscle is ______ to the skin- heart is ______to the sternum but______ to the spinal cord

Answer 34

Skin is superficial to muscle and muscle is deep/inferior(caudal) to the skin- heart is posterior(dorsal) to the sternum but anterior(ventral) to the spinal cord

Question 35

Name the various types of muscles and give an example.

Answer 35

flat muscles- external oblique anchored by a aponeuroses (flat tendon) or the sartorius

pennate (feather-like) – deltoid (multipennate), rectus femoris (bipennate), digitorum longus (unipennate)

fusiform are spindle shaped with a thick belly at ends - biceps brachii

quadrate (4 sided)- rectus abdominis and pronator quadratus

circular (sphincteral) – orbicularis oculi

Question 36

Who were the first to use the word “anatome”?

Answer 36

the Greek