Intro Flashcards
The dermis is _______to the epidermis and subcutaneous layer of the skin but _____ to the epidermis.
The dermis is intermediate to the epidermis and subcutaneous layer of the skin but inferior (caudal) to the epidermis.
Why is it important to suture wounds a certain direction depending on the location of the body?
Due to Langer lines: cleavage lines in the skin under tension & when collagen fibers are disturbed (sutures not following these lines) the wound gapes
Jeopardy style: answer in a question format
resilient, semirigid connective tissue; where movement occurs
what is a cartilage?
Name the types of joint classifications and give an example
synovial joints (surrounded by articular/joint capsule containing the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid) ; knee
fibrous joints (united by firbous tissue) ; uncapable of movement like sutures of the cranium or partially moveable like the interosseous joint of the radius and ulna
cartilaginous joints (united by hyaline or fibrocartilage) ; hyaline present during develpment of long bones and fibrocartilage in vertebrae
The muscle of the arm are _______to its bone (humerus).
The muscle of the arm are superficial to its bone (humerus).
Describe Endochondral ossification and give an example.
Endochondral ossification: cartilage forms first & is replaced by bone
long bones
How can we divide the nervous system to facilitate study?
Structurally divided into central and peripheral nervous systems
AND
Functionally divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
NS–> CNS and PNS
PNS–> somatic and ANS
Where would you find
A. capitulum
B. condyle
C. Crest
D. Facet
E. fossa
A. small, round, articular head - the capitulum of the humerus
B. rounded, kunckle-like articular area - lateral and medial femoral condyles
C. ridge of bone- the iliac crest
D. where a bone articulates with another bone (facet on the body of the vertebra for articulation with a rib)
E. hollow or depressed area (infraspinous fossa of the scapula)
Fill in the Blanks
PNS: afferent or ______ fibers convey impulses to ____; ______ or motor fibers convey impulses to_______
PNS: afferent or _sensory _fibers convey impulses to CNS; _efferent or _motor fibers convey impulses to effector organs
Name long and short bones.
Long: humerus, femur
Short: tarsals and carpals
What is the appendicular skeleton?
bones of the limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdles.
The 1st digit (thumb) is on the ______ side of the hand.
The 1st digit (thumb) is on the lateral side of the hand.
what are the two functional parts of the skeletal system?
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
Fill in the following:
Spinal Nerves are part of the _____ Nervous system and end at the spinal cord (CNS).
Form 2 nerve roots: ___________ via a(n) _____ pathway to motor fibers while senosory fibers send signals via the________pathway to the _______; the 2 nerve roots merge to form a mixed spinal nerve
Spinal Nerves are part of the _peripheral _nervous system.
Form 2 nerve roots: ventral or anterior via an efferent pathway to motor fibers while senosory fibers send signals via the afferent pathway to the dorsal (posterior); the 2 nerve roots merge to form a mixed spinal nerve
Name the types of bones
Bones: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
What is the axial skeleton?
skull, hyoid bone, cervical vertebrae, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and sacrum
Where would you find the following:
A. protuberance
B. trochanter
C. trochlea
A. projection of a bone - external occipital protuberance and on C7
B. large blunt elevation -the greater tronchater of the femur
C. spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley - trochlea of the humerus
Describe Intramembranous ossification and give an example
Intramembranous ossification: bones form during embryonic period with direct ossification in fetal period
embryonic flat bones like the skull, pelvis, clavicle
what can be found in the subcutaneous layer of the skin?
Subcutaneous tissue: loose, fatty connective tissue
Name the anatomical planes
Anatomical Planes: median, sagittal, coronal(frontal), horizontal (transverse) inferior
Name some flat, irregular and sesamoid bones.
flat: usually for protective functions like the cranium
irregular: bones of the face
sesamoid: patella
Which study of anatomy incorporates regional and system approaches?
Clinical Anatomy: emphasizes aspects of structure and function of the body important in the practice of medicine, dentistry and allied health sciences; incorporates regional & systemic approaches & stresses clinical applications
Who discovered circulation?
William Harvey
Which layer of the skin has deep connective tissue; hair follicles, arrector muscles of hairs, sebaceous glands, collagen & elastic fibers?
the dermis
