head

Question 1

WHat are the parts of the cranium?

Answer 1

neurocranium and vicerocranium

Question 2

Name of the bones of the neurocracium

Answer 2

8 bones

singular: Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital

Pairs: temporal and parietal

Question 3

What makes up the calvaria?

Answer 3

skull cap: frontal prietal and occipital

Question 4

which bones make up the basicranium?

Answer 4

sphenoid and temporal

Question 5

Which bones make up the facial skeleton?

Answer 5

Vescerocranium is made up of 15 bones

3 singular: mandible, ethmoid and vomer

6 paired: LeMoN ZIP

Lacrimal, Maxilla, Nasal, Zygomatic, Inferior nasal concha, Palatine

Question 6

Which bone is part of the both calvaria and basicranium?

Answer 6

ethmoid

Question 7

WHich bones make up the facial aspect?

Answer 7

frontal bone, zygomatic, maxilla/mandible, orbitals and nasal bones

Question 8

WHich bones make up the superior aspect?

Answer 8

frontal, parietal pair, and occipital

Question 9

Where is the foramen magnum found?

Answer 9

cranial base of the nuerocranium: part of the occipital bone and extension of the external occipital crest

Question 10

which foramens can be found in the external surface of the cranial base?

Answer 10

jugular foramen (internal jugular vein)

carotid canal (internal carotid artery)

and

stylomastoid foramen (faical nerve VII and stylomastoid artery)

Question 11

Where can the cribiform plate be found? Explain its fucntion

Answer 11

In the anterior fossa on the ethmoid bone for olfactory nerves CN I

Question 12

True or False : THe sella turcica holds the hypothalumus and can be found in the middle fossa?

Answer 12

False

It is found in the middle fossa but it holds the pituitary gland not the hypothalumus

Question 13

True or False: the posterior fossa is the largest and lowest or deepest of the three

Answer 13

True

Anterior is the highest and most shallow

Question 14

WHich of the following are true?

A. The internal acoustic meatus is found in the posterior fossa for CN VIII

B. Jugular Foramen, hypoglossal Canal (below the tongue) and Carotid canal can be found in the middle fossa

C. The F. rotundum, F. ovale and the optic canal are all found in the middle fossa but the Foramen spinosum is located on the posterior fossa

Answer 14

only A is true

B. jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal and carotid canal are all in the posterior fossa

C is false bc all of the fossas mentioned are in the middle fossa

Question 15

Name the layers of the scalp

Answer 15

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose CT

Pericranium

Question 16

Name of the cranial meninges

Answer 16

DAP

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Question 17

What is a falx cerebri?

Answer 17

Longitudinal cerebral fissure that divides the cerebrum into 2 hemispheres

Question 18

Which Cranial nerves arise from the cerebrum?

Answer 18

CN I- olfactory

CN II- optic

Question 19

True or False: THe brainstem is divided into the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and gives rise to 10 CN.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Where do CN III and CN IV arise from? What is thier fx?

Answer 20

Arise from midbrain

III- oculomotor

IV- trochlear

Question 21

WHich of the following are true:

A. CN V is the trigeminal nerve and arises from the pons

B. The pons is responsible for the cough reflex

C. The medulla oblongta is responsible for respiration

D. CN IX, X, and XII arise from the medulla oblongata

Answer 21

A and D are true

B- pons is the control center for respiration and swallowing

C- medulla O is responsible for the cough reflex supressed by opiods directly

Question 22

Where is CSF made and where is it stored? be specific

Answer 22

CSF is made by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles which are connected to the 3rd ventricle by the interventricular foramen. The 3rd ventricle then transports it to the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct. The 4th ventricle drains the CSF into the subarachnoid space and the spinal cord.

Question 23

Where do the internal carotid arteries originate from?

Answer 23

common carotid artery

Question 24

T/F: The anterior and middle cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Where do the vertebral arteries arise from and describes its location?

Answer 25

arise from the subclavian arteries with the left one being slightly larger

They run posterior to the neck through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

Question 26

Where is the basilar artery? where does it stem from and what does it make?

Answer 26

Basilar artery originates from the merging of the two vertebral arteries at pons level then travels up the clivus (incline in the posterior fossa of the cranial base anterior to the foramen magnum) where it further divides into the 2 posterior cerebral arteries.

Question 27

describes both the anterior communicating artery and posterior communicating artery.

Answer 27

anterior communicating artery connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries

posterior communicating artery branches off of the posterior cerebral artery and connects the posterior cerebral arteries to anterior portion at the internal carotid.

Question 28

Name the arteries involved in the circle of willis

Answer 28

the cerebral arterial circle is made up of:

Anterior communicating artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Internal Carotid artery

Posterior communicating artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 29

WHat is the most common form of aneurysm, where and why?

Answer 29

saccular aneurysm: Berry aneurysm at arterial joining points due to the weak arterial walls at those junctions. Most common are at the anterior communicating artery.

Question 30

What are the muscles used for facial expression?

Answer 30

orbicularis oculi

buccinator

orbicularis oris

Question 31

which muscle is used for taught cheeks and smiling?

which is used to close the eye lids and winking?

Which is the first sphinctor of the GI tract?

Answer 31

buccinator

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oris

Question 32

What are your facial nerves and what are they for?

Answer 32

CN V- sensory nerves and for motor of mastication

CN VII- motor nerve for everything else

Question 33

Describe CN V

Answer 33

trigeminal sensory nerves:

CN V₁- ophthalmicus

CN V₂- maxillary

CN V₃- mandibular (motor of mastication)

Question 34

What is so special of the parotid gland? describe its location.

Answer 34

Largest of the 3 glands (submandibular and sublingual) with a parotid duct that pierces throught the buccinator opposite the 2nd maxillary molar

Parotitis is indicative of the MUMPS. (vaccine in MMR)