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A&P1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is the science that deals with ___________. What is _________?

A

Structure, how a part of the body is put together or looks.

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2
Q

Physiology is the science that deals with _______. What is _________?

A

Function, how a specific part works.

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3
Q

What are the lowest to highest levels of structural organization?

A

Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, System Level, Organismal Level

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4
Q

What is the chemical level?

A

All atoms and molecules that make up the body.

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5
Q

What is the cellular level?

A

Consists of cells, basic units of structure and function.

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6
Q

What is the tissue level?

A

Consists of tissues, groups of cells and their intercellular substance that work together to perform a specific function.

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7
Q

What is the organ level?

A

Consists of organs, structures composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Recognizable shape.

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8
Q

What is the system level?

A

Consist of systems, group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

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9
Q

What is the organismal level?

A

The human organism is made up 11 different body systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.

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10
Q

How many body systems are there?

A

11

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11
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Where the body attempts to maintain equilibrium in its internal environment while forces try to disrupt it. Examples, BP, BGL, Temp

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12
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

Fluid between cells. Also extracellular fluid or ECF

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13
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

Fluid found inside fluids. Called ICF

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14
Q

What two major body systems restore homeostasis?

A

The nervous system uses nerve impulses (action potentials) and reacts quickly like touching a hot object. The endocrine system uses chemicals called hormones which takes hours, days, or weeks to restore homeostasis.

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15
Q

What is a feedback system?

A

Cycle of events in which some condition in the body is monitored, evaluated, and changed.

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16
Q

What is a controlled condition?

A

Any monitored aspect of the body such as BGL, temp, or BP.

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17
Q

What is stress?

A

Any force that attempts to change a controlled condition.

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18
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition.

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19
Q

What is an input?

A

A change recognized by a receptor.

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20
Q

What is a control center?

A

Part of the body that sets a range for normalcy in a controlled condition. Receives an input from receptors then sends an output (nerve impulse or hormone) to attempt to restore homeostasis.

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21
Q

What is an effector?

A

Structure that receives output from control center and brings about a response to change the controlled condition.

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22
Q

Feedback system where condition reverses(Negative or Positive?)

A

Negative Feedback System

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23
Q

Feedback system where condition is enhanced(Negative or Positive?)

A

Positive Feedback System

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24
Q

How many main regions of the body?

A

5

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25
Q

Head

A

Skull and face

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26
Q

Neck

A

Supports the head and attaches to trunk

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27
Q

Trunk

A

Chest, abdomen, and pelvis

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28
Q

Upper limb

A

Attaches to trunk and consists of shoulder, armpit, forearm, wrist, and hand

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29
Q

Lower limb

A

Attaches to trunk and consists of buttock, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot

30
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body and divide it into sections

31
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divies body into left and right sides

32
Q

Median plane

A

Type of sagittal plane that dives body into EQUAL left and right sides

33
Q

Midline

A

Vertical line that divides body into equal left and right sides

34
Q

Paramedian plane

A

Sagittal plane that divides body into UNEQUAL left and right sides

35
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

36
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior portions, cross section

37
Q

Oblique plane

A

passes through body at any other angle than 90 degrees

38
Q

Body cavity

A

Space that encloses internal organs

39
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

40
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Formed by the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord and roots of spinal nerves

41
Q

Major body cavities in trunk

A

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

42
Q

Membrane

A

thin tissue that covers, lines, partitions, or connects various structures

43
Q

Serous membrane

A

Double layered membrane that covers an organ (visceral layer) and lines the wall of a cavity (parietal layer) Contains a potential cavity space between the two layers

44
Q

Pleura serous membrane

A

Lungs, consists of visceral pleura, parietal pleura, and pleural cavity

45
Q

Pericardium serous membrane

A

Heart, consists of a visceral pericardium, perietal pericardium, and pericardial cavity

46
Q

Peritoneum serous membrane

A

Abdominal cavity, consists of visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, and peritoneum cavity, some organs are not surrounded in it but behind it like the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, and colon, called RETROperitoneum

47
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

extends from base of the neck to diaphragm

48
Q

Embryology

A

Study of the first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

49
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

50
Q

The heart is superior to the lungs

A

True

51
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head

52
Q

The lungs are inferior to the stomach

A

False

53
Q

Anterior

A

Near to the front of the body

54
Q

The heart is anterior to the sternum.

A

False

55
Q

Posterior

A

Near to the back of the body

56
Q

The esophagus is posterior to the trachea.

A

True

57
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

58
Q

The ulna is medial to the radius

A

True

59
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

60
Q

The heart is lateral to the lungs

A

False

61
Q

Intermediate

A

Between two structures

62
Q

The transverse colon is intermediate to the ascending and descending colons.

A

True

63
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body as another strucutre

64
Q

The gall bladder and ascending colon are ipsilateral

A

True

65
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides of the body from another structure

66
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

67
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

68
Q

Superficial (External)

A

Toward or on the surface of the body

69
Q

Deep (Internal)

A

Away from the surface of the body

70
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

A

Drawing two vertical lines and two horizontal lines can be divided into nine abdominopelvic regions

Vertical lines are the right and left midclavicular lines, upper horizontal is the subcostal plane and lower horizontal above the hips is the transtubercular plane

A&P1 (8 decks)

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