Intro

Question 1

Anatomy is the science that deals with ___________. What is _________?

Answer 1

Structure, how a part of the body is put together or looks.

Question 2

Physiology is the science that deals with _______. What is _________?

Answer 2

Function, how a specific part works.

Question 3

What are the lowest to highest levels of structural organization?

Answer 3

Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, System Level, Organismal Level

Question 4

What is the chemical level?

Answer 4

All atoms and molecules that make up the body.

Question 5

What is the cellular level?

Answer 5

Consists of cells, basic units of structure and function.

Question 6

What is the tissue level?

Answer 6

Consists of tissues, groups of cells and their intercellular substance that work together to perform a specific function.

Question 7

What is the organ level?

Answer 7

Consists of organs, structures composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Recognizable shape.

Question 8

What is the system level?

Answer 8

Consist of systems, group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

Question 9

What is the organismal level?

Answer 9

The human organism is made up 11 different body systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.

Question 10

How many body systems are there?

Answer 10

11

Question 11

What is homeostasis?

Answer 11

Where the body attempts to maintain equilibrium in its internal environment while forces try to disrupt it. Examples, BP, BGL, Temp

Question 12

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 12

Fluid between cells. Also extracellular fluid or ECF

Question 13

What is intracellular fluid?

Answer 13

Fluid found inside fluids. Called ICF

Question 14

What two major body systems restore homeostasis?

Answer 14

The nervous system uses nerve impulses (action potentials) and reacts quickly like touching a hot object. The endocrine system uses chemicals called hormones which takes hours, days, or weeks to restore homeostasis.

Question 15

What is a feedback system?

Answer 15

Cycle of events in which some condition in the body is monitored, evaluated, and changed.

Question 16

What is a controlled condition?

Answer 16

Any monitored aspect of the body such as BGL, temp, or BP.

Question 17

What is stress?

Answer 17

Any force that attempts to change a controlled condition.

Question 18

What is a receptor?

Answer 18

A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition.

Question 19

What is an input?

Answer 19

A change recognized by a receptor.

Question 20

What is a control center?

Answer 20

Part of the body that sets a range for normalcy in a controlled condition. Receives an input from receptors then sends an output (nerve impulse or hormone) to attempt to restore homeostasis.

Question 21

What is an effector?

Answer 21

Structure that receives output from control center and brings about a response to change the controlled condition.

Question 22

Feedback system where condition reverses(Negative or Positive?)

Answer 22

Negative Feedback System

Question 23

Feedback system where condition is enhanced(Negative or Positive?)

Answer 23

Positive Feedback System

Question 24

How many main regions of the body?

Answer 24

5

Question 25

Head

Answer 25

Skull and face

Question 26

Neck

Answer 26

Supports the head and attaches to trunk

Question 27

Trunk

Answer 27

Chest, abdomen, and pelvis

Question 28

Upper limb

Answer 28

Attaches to trunk and consists of shoulder, armpit, forearm, wrist, and hand

Question 29

Lower limb

Answer 29

Attaches to trunk and consists of buttock, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot

Question 30

Plane

Answer 30

Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body and divide it into sections

Question 31

Sagittal plane

Answer 31

Divies body into left and right sides

Question 32

Median plane

Answer 32

Type of sagittal plane that dives body into EQUAL left and right sides

Question 33

Midline

Answer 33

Vertical line that divides body into equal left and right sides

Question 34

Paramedian plane

Answer 34

Sagittal plane that divides body into UNEQUAL left and right sides

Question 35

Coronal plane

Answer 35

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 36

Transverse plane

Answer 36

Divides body into superior and inferior portions, cross section

Question 37

Oblique plane

Answer 37

passes through body at any other angle than 90 degrees

Question 38

Body cavity

Answer 38

Space that encloses internal organs

Question 39

Cranial cavity

Answer 39

Formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

Question 40

Vertebral canal

Answer 40

Formed by the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord and roots of spinal nerves

Question 41

Major body cavities in trunk

Answer 41

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 42

Membrane

Answer 42

thin tissue that covers, lines, partitions, or connects various structures

Question 43

Serous membrane

Answer 43

Double layered membrane that covers an organ (visceral layer) and lines the wall of a cavity (parietal layer) Contains a potential cavity space between the two layers

Question 44

Pleura serous membrane

Answer 44

Lungs, consists of visceral pleura, parietal pleura, and pleural cavity

Question 45

Pericardium serous membrane

Answer 45

Heart, consists of a visceral pericardium, perietal pericardium, and pericardial cavity

Question 46

Peritoneum serous membrane

Answer 46

Abdominal cavity, consists of visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, and peritoneum cavity, some organs are not surrounded in it but behind it like the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, and colon, called RETROperitoneum

Question 47

Thoracic cavity

Answer 47

extends from base of the neck to diaphragm

Question 48

Embryology

Answer 48

Study of the first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

Question 49

Superior

Answer 49

Toward the head

Question 50

The heart is superior to the lungs

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Inferior

Answer 51

Away from the head

Question 52

The lungs are inferior to the stomach

Answer 52

False

Question 53

Anterior

Answer 53

Near to the front of the body

Question 54

The heart is anterior to the sternum.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

Posterior

Answer 55

Near to the back of the body

Question 56

The esophagus is posterior to the trachea.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Medial

Answer 57

Nearer to the midline

Question 58

The ulna is medial to the radius

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Lateral

Answer 59

Farther from the midline

Question 60

The heart is lateral to the lungs

Answer 60

False

Question 61

Intermediate

Answer 61

Between two structures

Question 62

The transverse colon is intermediate to the ascending and descending colons.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Ipsilateral

Answer 63

On the same side of the body as another strucutre

Question 64

The gall bladder and ascending colon are ipsilateral

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Contralateral

Answer 65

On opposite sides of the body from another structure

Question 66

Proximal

Answer 66

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Question 67

Distal

Answer 67

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Question 68

Superficial (External)

Answer 68

Toward or on the surface of the body

Question 69

Deep (Internal)

Answer 69

Away from the surface of the body

Question 70

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

Answer 70

Drawing two vertical lines and two horizontal lines can be divided into nine abdominopelvic regions Vertical lines are the right and left midclavicular lines, upper horizontal is the subcostal plane and lower horizontal above the hips is the transtubercular plane