Cells

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

Basic units of structure and function of the body

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

Flexible outer covering that separates the contents of a cell from its external environment

Question 3

Cytoplasm, what two components?

Answer 3

All the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Cytosol and organelles

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Large organelle that contains chromosomes and genes that control most aspects of cellular structure and function

Question 5

Lipid bilayer made up of what 3 different lipids?

Answer 5

Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

Question 6

Three different membrane proteins?

Answer 6

Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, glycoproteins

Question 7

Four different passive processes

Answer 7

Diffusion, osmosis, Filitration, Dialysis

Question 8

Hypotonic

Answer 8

Water moves into the cell

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

Equillbrium

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

Water moves outside the cell

Question 11

Hemolysis

Answer 11

Rupture

Question 12

Crenation

Answer 12

Shrinkage

Question 13

3 active processes

Answer 13

Active Transport, Phagocytosis(Cell Eating), Pinocytosis(Liquid)

Question 14

Hyaluronic acid

Answer 14

fluid substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints, and maintains the shape of the eyeball

Question 15

Chondroitin sulfate

Answer 15

jelly like substance that provides support and adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, heart valves, cornea, and umbilical cord

Question 16

Collagen fibers

Answer 16

Made up of the protein collagen, very tough, wavy bundles, found in bone, cartilage, tendons(muscle to bone), and ligaments (bone to bone)

Question 17

Reticuler fibers

Answer 17

Made up of collagen and a coating of glycoprotein, net like, supporting framework for fatcells, nerve cells, muscle cells, blood vessels, and spleen

Question 18

Elastic fibers

Answer 18

Made up of the protein elastin, occurs in staggered rows, provides elasticity in skin and blood vessels

Question 19

Organelles

Answer 19

Specialized structures with characteristic shapes that perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance, repair, and reproduction

Question 20

Three kinds of protein filaments in cytoskeleton

Answer 20

Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 21

Microfilament

Answer 21

function in movement (muscle contraction, cell division, cell locomotion, cell shape, and strength)

Question 22

Intermediate filaments

Answer 22

Help anchor orangelles in place

Question 23

Microtubules

Answer 23

Make up strength of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and the mitotic spindle

Question 24

Centrosome

Answer 24

Pericentriolar area(dense region of protein fibers that forms the mitotic spindle and microtubules ) and centrioles (paired cylindrical structures composed of microtubules and arranged at RIGHT angles)

Question 25

What do mature nerve cells not have preventing reproduction?

Answer 25

Centrosomes

Question 26

Ribosomes

Answer 26

Tiny organelles composed of RNA, sites of protein synthesis

Question 27

Rough ER

Answer 27

Ribosomes attached, attachs proteins to carbohydrates to form glycoprteins and synthesize phospholipids Above incorporated into membranes of other organelles and plasma membrane

Question 28

Smooth ER

Answer 28

Synthesizes lipids and steroids(estrogen and progesterine) detoxifies drugs, releases calcium ions in muscle cells that trigger contraction

Question 29

Golgi complex

Answer 29

3 to 20 flattened membranes called cisterns with bulging edges Proteins synthesized by rough ER are transported here, modified to form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins Creates lysosomes

Question 30

Lysosomes

Answer 30

Formed by golgi complex with digestive enzymes that digest cells

Question 31

Autophagy

Answer 31

Digest wornout organelles

Question 32

Autolysis

Answer 32

digest entire cells

Question 33

Peroxisomes

Answer 33

Similar but smaller to lysosomes, contains enzymes that metabolize amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances, H2O2 produced as byproduct, also produces enzyme that can decompose said byproduct Numerous in kidney and liver

Question 34

Where are mitochondria most found?

Answer 34

Muscle and liver

Question 35

DNA form when not reproducing

Answer 35

Chromatin thread-like mass

Question 36

DNA form when reproducing

Answer 36

Short, thick rods called chromosomes

Question 37

Proteasomes

Answer 37

Completely destroys unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins and recucle the amino acids to form new proteins