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A&P1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

Basic units of structure and function of the body

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Flexible outer covering that separates the contents of a cell from its external environment

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3
Q

Cytoplasm, what two components?

A

All the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Cytosol and organelles

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Large organelle that contains chromosomes and genes that control most aspects of cellular structure and function

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5
Q

Lipid bilayer made up of what 3 different lipids?

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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6
Q

Three different membrane proteins?

A

Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, glycoproteins

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7
Q

Four different passive processes

A

Diffusion, osmosis, Filitration, Dialysis

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8
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water moves into the cell

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9
Q

Isotonic

A

Equillbrium

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10
Q

Hypertonic

A

Water moves outside the cell

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11
Q

Hemolysis

A

Rupture

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12
Q

Crenation

A

Shrinkage

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13
Q

3 active processes

A

Active Transport, Phagocytosis(Cell Eating), Pinocytosis(Liquid)

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14
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

fluid substance that binds cells together, lubricates joints, and maintains the shape of the eyeball

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15
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

jelly like substance that provides support and adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, heart valves, cornea, and umbilical cord

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16
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Made up of the protein collagen, very tough, wavy bundles, found in bone, cartilage, tendons(muscle to bone), and ligaments (bone to bone)

17
Q

Reticuler fibers

A

Made up of collagen and a coating of glycoprotein, net like, supporting framework for fatcells, nerve cells, muscle cells, blood vessels, and spleen

18
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Made up of the protein elastin, occurs in staggered rows, provides elasticity in skin and blood vessels

19
Q

Organelles

A

Specialized structures with characteristic shapes that perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance, repair, and reproduction

20
Q

Three kinds of protein filaments in cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, microtubules

21
Q

Microfilament

A

function in movement (muscle contraction, cell division, cell locomotion, cell shape, and strength)

22
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Help anchor orangelles in place

23
Q

Microtubules

A

Make up strength of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and the mitotic spindle

24
Q

Centrosome

A

Pericentriolar area(dense region of protein fibers that forms the mitotic spindle and microtubules ) and centrioles (paired cylindrical structures composed of microtubules and arranged at RIGHT angles)

25
Q

What do mature nerve cells not have preventing reproduction?

A

Centrosomes

26
Q

Ribosomes

A

Tiny organelles composed of RNA, sites of protein synthesis

27
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes attached, attachs proteins to carbohydrates to form glycoprteins and synthesize phospholipids
Above incorporated into membranes of other organelles and plasma membrane

28
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesizes lipids and steroids(estrogen and progesterine) detoxifies drugs, releases calcium ions in muscle cells that trigger contraction

29
Q

Golgi complex

A

3 to 20 flattened membranes called cisterns with bulging edges
Proteins synthesized by rough ER are transported here, modified to form glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins
Creates lysosomes

30
Q

Lysosomes

A

Formed by golgi complex with digestive enzymes that digest cells

31
Q

Autophagy

A

Digest wornout organelles

32
Q

Autolysis

A

digest entire cells

33
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Similar but smaller to lysosomes, contains enzymes that metabolize amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances, H2O2 produced as byproduct, also produces enzyme that can decompose said byproduct

Numerous in kidney and liver

34
Q

Where are mitochondria most found?

A

Muscle and liver

35
Q

DNA form when not reproducing

A

Chromatin thread-like mass

36
Q

DNA form when reproducing

A

Short, thick rods called chromosomes

37
Q

Proteasomes

A

Completely destroys unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins and recucle the amino acids to form new proteins

A&P1 (8 decks)

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