Intrauterine contraceptive Flashcards
What do intrauterine contraceptive devices include?
Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs)
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (IUS)
What is the commercial name for levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems?
Mirena
How effective are IUDs and IUS?
More than 99% effective
What is the mode of action of IUD’s?
Prevention of fertilisation by causing decreased sperm motility and survival (effect of copper ions)
What is the mode of action of IUS?
Prevents endometrial proliferation and causes cervical mucous thickening
When can the IUD be relied upon?
Immediately following insertion
When can the IUS be relied upon?
After 7 days
How long are IUD and IUS effective for?
5 years
If an IUS is used as endometrial protection for women taking oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy, how long is it effective for?
4 years
What is the main problem with IUD’s?
Heavy, longer, painful periods
What is the initial problem with IUS?
Initial frequent uterine bleeding and spotting
What is there an increased risk of with both the IUD and IUS?
Ectopic pregnancies
PID
Expulsion
When is the risk of PID increased?
In the first 20 days after insertion
How great is the risk of expulsion?
There is a risk of around 1 in 20
When is expulsion most likely to occur?
In the first 3 months