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Head and neck radiology > Intracranial Arteries > Flashcards

Intracranial Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior circulation

A

ICA
anterior com
Posterior com

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2
Q

Posterior circulation

A

Basilar artery and its branches

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3
Q

Proximal to temination of ICA gives off what arteries

A

Ophthalmic artery, anterior choroidal and posterior com

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4
Q

Terminal bifurcation of ICA

A

Anterior cerebral and MCA

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5
Q

Horizontal or precommunicating ACA segment that courses medially above optic chiasm, joined by ACoA to contralateral A1

A

A1

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6
Q

Vertical or post communicating ACA segment that courses superiorly in the interhemispheric fissure around corpus callosum genu

A

A2

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7
Q

Distal ACA segment that courses posteriorly under inferior free margin of falx cerebri and gives off cortical branches

A

A3

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8
Q

Perforating arteries of ACA arise from

A

A1 and ACoA

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9
Q

Recurrent artery of heubner arises from

A

Distal A1 or proximal A2

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10
Q

MCA segment thar courses laterally to Sylvian fissure below anterior perforated substance, bi- or trifurcates

A

M1

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11
Q

MCA segmen that creates gentle posterosuperior turn towards lateral cerebral (Sylvian) fissure

A

Genu of MCA

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12
Q

Insular segment of MCA that courses within lateral cerebral fissure, over insula

A

M2

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13
Q

Opercular segments begin at top of insula, turn laterally in Sylvian fissure to reach overhanging frontal/ parietal/temporal operculae

A

M3

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14
Q

Cortical branches of MCAthat emerge from lateral cerebral fissure, coursing over hemispheric surface

A

M4

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15
Q

Perforating arteries of MCA cones from

A

M1

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16
Q

Courses cephalad in prepontine cistern to terminal bifurcation ventral to midbrain

A

Basilar artery

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17
Q

Basilar artery branches

A

AICA, Superior cerebellar arteries, pontine, midbrain perforating arteries

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18
Q

Basilar artery bifurcates into

A

PCA

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19
Q

Mesencephalic or precommunicating segment of PCA that lies within interpeduncular cistern, curves posterolaterallt from BA to PCoA Junction

A

P1

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20
Q

Ambient segment of PCA that extends from PCA-PCoA junction, curving around cerebral peduncles just above tentorium, above oculomotor nerve

A

P2

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21
Q

Quadrigeminal segment of PCA that extends posteromedially from level of quadrigeminal plate

A

P3

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22
Q

Cortical branches of PCA that arise from distal PCA at or just before reaching calcarine fissure

A

P4

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23
Q

Perforating branches of PCA Comes from

A

P1

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24
Q

Intracranial vertebral artery segments that enter dura near foramen magnum

A

V4

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25
Q

Vertebral arteries gives off

A

Anterior/posterior spinal arteries
Perforating arteries to medulla
PICA

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26
Q

Two watershed zones

A

Cortical watershed

Deep white matter watershed

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27
Q

Subpial confluence of cortical ACA/MCA/PCA branches

A

Cortical watershed

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28
Q

Confluence of deep cortical penetrating branches, perforating branches from circle of Willis (COW)

A

Deep white matter watershed zone

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29
Q

Perforating branches of ACA

A

Corpus callosum rostrum
Heads of caudate nuclei
Anterior commisure
Anteromedial putamen/globus pallidus/ anterior limb internal capsule

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30
Q

Cortical branches of ACA

A

Inferomedial frontal lobes

Anterior 2/3 of medial hemisphere surface

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31
Q

Perforating branches of MCA

A

Putamen, globus pallidus, superior half of internal capsule, most of caudate nucleus, some deep white matter

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32
Q

Cortical branches of MCA

A

Most of lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres, anterior tip (pole) of temporal lobe

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33
Q

Perforaring branches of PCA

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, choroid plexus

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34
Q

Cortical branches of PCA

A

Inferior surface of temporal lobe, occipital pole, posterolateral surface of hemisphere

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35
Q

Perforating branches of BA

A

all PCA Territory, pons, superior cerebellum/vermis

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36
Q

Perforating branches of VA

A

Most medulla, cerebellar tonsils, inferior vermis/cerebellar hemispheres

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37
Q

Imaging that shows vascular territory

A

Late arterial (capillary) phase of DSA with brain stain

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38
Q

ICA segment Contained within carotid canal of temporal bone. Surrounded by extensive sympathetic plexus

A

Petrous segment C2

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39
Q

Branches of C2

A 
Vidian artery (artery of pterygoid canal
Caroticotympanic artery
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40
Q

Branch of C2 that anastomose with ECA

A

Vidian artery

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41
Q

Branch of C2 that supplies middle ear

A

Caroticotympanic artery

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42
Q

ICA segment that extends from petrous apex above foramen lacerum, curving upwards toward cavernous sinus, covered by trigeminal ganglion

A

Lacerum C3 segment

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43
Q

Segment of ICA without branches

A

Lacerum C3

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44
Q

Segment of ICA covered by trigeminal ganglion posteriorly

A

Cavernous C4 segment

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45
Q

Branch of ICA with the abducens nerve inferolateral to it

A

Cavernous (C4) segment

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46
Q

Major branches of C4

A

Meningohypophyseal trunk

Inferolateral trunk

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47
Q

Branch of C4 that Supplies pituitary, tentorium and clival dura

A

Meningohypophyseal trunk

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48
Q

Branch of C4 that supplies cavernous sinus, dura/cranial nerves; anastomoses with ECA branches through foramen rotundum, spinosum and ovale

A

Inferolateral trunk of C4

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49
Q

ICA segment between proximal, distal dural rings of cavernous sinus

A

Clinoid segment (C5)

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50
Q

ICA segment extending from distal dural ring at superior clinoid to just below posterior communicating artery origin

A

Ophthalmic segment (C6)

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51
Q

Two important branches of C6

A

Ophthalmic artery, superior hypophyseal artery

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52
Q

ICA segment that extends from below PCoA to terminal ICA bifurcation info ACA, MCA

A

Communicating segment (C7)

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53
Q

ICA segment that passes between optic (CN2), occulomotor (CN3)

A

Communicating (C7)

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54
Q

Major branches of C7

A

Posterior communicating artery

Anterior choroidal artery

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55
Q

Normal variant of C2 that presents as retrotympanic pulsatile mass; should not be mistaken for glomus tympanicum tumor

A

Aberrant ICA

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56
Q

Normal variant of C2 that arises from vertical segment, crosses cochlear promontory and stapes footplate

A

Persistant stapedial artery

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57
Q

C2 normal variant that appears as Y-shaped enlarged geniculate fossa of CN7 on CT

A

Persistent stapedial artery

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58
Q

Most common carotid-basilar anastomosis

Forms trident shape on DSA, sagittal MR

A

Persistant trigeminal artery

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59
Q

Horner syndrome results from interruption of

A

Periarterial sympathetic plexus around ICA

60
Q

10 components of circle of Willis

A 
2 ICA 
2 proximal or horizontal (A1) ACA segments
1 Acom
2 Pcom
Basilar artery
2 proximal or horizontal PCA
61
Q

COW lies where

A

Abover sella, in suprasellar cistern

62
Q

Relationship of COW to thalamus

A

Inferolateral to hypothalamus

63
Q

A1 courses above/below optic nerves

64
Q

PCoA course above/below optic tracts and above/below oculomotor nerves

A

Below optic tracts and above oculomotor nerves

65
Q

Branches of ACA

A

Medial lenticulostriate arteries

Recurrent artery of Heubner

66
Q

Branches of PCoA

A

Anterior thalamoperforating arteries

67
Q

Branches of ACoA

A

Perforating branches to anterior hypothalamus, optic chiasm, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum and fornix
Occassionally, median artery of corpus callosum

68
Q

Basilar artery and PCAs branches

A

Posterior thalamoperforating arteries

Thalamogeniculate arteries

69
Q

Vascular territory of COW

A

Entire central base of brain (hypothalamus, internal capsule, optic tracts, thalamus, midbrain)

70
Q

Most common COW variation

A

Hypoplastic/absent PCoA

71
Q

PCoA is same diameter as ipsilateral PCA, P1 is hypoplastic/absent

A

Fetal origin of PCA from ICA

72
Q

Cortical branches of ACA

A

Orbitofrontal artery
Frontopolar artery
Pericallosal artery
Callosomarginal artery

73
Q

Perforating branches of ACA

A

Medial lenticulostriate arteries

Recurrent artery of Heubner

74
Q

Vascular territory of ACA cortical branches

A

anterior 2/3 of medial hemispheres

75
Q

Penetrating branches of ACA supplies the

A

Medial basal ganglia, genu of corpus callosum, anterior limb of internal capsule

76
Q

ACA anomalies that is typically associated with holoprosencephaly

A

Azygous ACA

77
Q

ACA is superior/inferior to optic nerve

78
Q

ACA segment that extends medially over the optic chiasm/nerves

79
Q

ACA segment that runs superiorly in the interhemispheric fissure, anterior to corpus callosum rostrum

80
Q

ACA segment that curves around corpus callosum genu, divides into pericallosal, callosomarginal arteries

81
Q

Parts of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes that “overhang” and “enclose” the Sylvian fissure

82
Q

Larger, lateral terminal branch of supraclinoid ICA

A

Middle cerebral artery

83
Q

Anterior temporal artery arise from

84
Q

Vascular territory of middle cerebral artery

A

Lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres except for convexity and inferior temporal gyrus

85
Q

Medial basal ganglia, caudate nucleus and internal capsule are supplied by

A

Medial lenticulostriate arteries

86
Q

Lateral putamen, caudate nucleus and external capsule are supplied by

A

Lateral lenticulostriate arteries

87
Q

4 segments of PCA

A

P1 precommunicating
P2 ambient
P3 quadrigeminal
P4 calcarine

88
Q

PCA segment that extends laterally from BA bifurcation to junction with PCoA
Courses above cisternal segment of oculomotor nerve

89
Q

PCA segment that extends from P1/PCoA junction

Parallels optic tract, basal vein of Rosenthal

A

P2 ambient segment

90
Q

PCA segment that extends behind midbrain (quadrigeminal plate level) to calcarine fissure (occipital lobe)

A

P3 quadrigeminal segment

91
Q

PCA segment that terminates above tentorium in calcarine fissure

A

P4 calcarine segment

92
Q

Posterior thalamoperforating arteries arise from

93
Q

Thalamogeniculate arteries arise from

94
Q

Ventricular/choroidal branches arise from

95
Q

Anterior and posterior temporal arteries arise from

96
Q

Vascular territory of PCA

A

Midbrain, thalami, posterior limb of internal capsule, optic tract, choroid plexus of 3rd/lateral ventricles, cerebral peduncles, posterior body and splenium of corpus callosum, posterior 1/3 of medial hemisphere, occipital lobe

97
Q

Occlusion of what artery produces homonymous hemianopsia

98
Q

4 vertebral artery segment

A

Extraosseous V1
Foraminal V2
Extraspinal V3
Intradural V4

99
Q

VA branch arising from subclavian artery, courses posterosuperiot to enter C6 transverse foramen

100
Q

VA segment that exits top of atlas transverse foramen

101
Q

Courses superiorly in prepontine cistern

A

Basilar artery

102
Q

Arises from distal VA, curves around/over tonsil, gives off perforating medullary, choroid, tonsillar, cerebellar branches

103
Q

Lies ventromedial to CN7 and 8

Often loops into internal auditory meatus

104
Q

Arise from distal BA, posterolaterally around midbrain, below CN3, tentorium
Lies above CN5

A

Superior cerebellar artery

105
Q

Vascular territory of anterior spinal arteries

A

Upper cervical spinal cord, inferior medulla

106
Q

Vascular territory of posterior spinal artery

A

Dorsal spinal cord to conus medullaris

107
Q

Vascular territory of PICA

A

Lateral medulla, choroid plexus of fourth ventricle, tonsil, inferior vermis, cerebellum

108
Q

Basilar artery vascular territory

A

Central medulla, pons, midbrain

109
Q

Vascular territory of AICA

A

IAC, CN7 and 8, anterolateral cerebellum

110
Q

Vascular territory of superior cerebellar artery

A

Superior vermis, superior cerebellar peduncle, dentate nucleus, brachium pontis, superomedial surface of cerebellum, upper vermis

111
Q

Pattern of venous drainage

A

Generally radial and centrifugal

112
Q

Dural venous sinuses communicate with extracranial veins directly via

A

Diploic veins in calvarium, emissary veins thru basilar foramina

113
Q

Dural venous sinuses receive venous blood drom

A

Superficial cortical veins and deep subependymal veins

114
Q

Appear as round/ovoid CSF- equivalent filling defects in dural sinuses that should not be mistaken as thrombus

A

Giant arachnoid granulations

115
Q

Subacute clot on dural sinuses appear _______intense on T1

116
Q

Contained within outer periosteal and inner meningeal dural layers that contain arachnoid granulations, villi

A

Dural sinuses

117
Q

Important hemispheric tributary of superior sagittal sinus

A

Vein of Trolard

118
Q

Intracranial vein that lies above corpus callosum, joins with vein of Galen to form straight sinus

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

119
Q

Intracranial vein that runs from falcotentorial apex, posteroinferiorly to sinus confluence. Receives tributaries from falx, tentorium and cerebral hemispheres

A

Straight sinus

120
Q

Intracranial vein that is formed by union of superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and transverse sinuses

A

Torcular herophili (venous sinus confluence)

121
Q

Important tributary of transverse sinuses

A

Vein of Labbe

122
Q

Intracranial vein that extends from torcular to posterior border of petrous temporal bone

A

Transverse sinuses

123
Q

Anteroinferior continuation of transverse sinus

A

Sigmoid sinus

124
Q

Sigmoid sinus terminate by becoming the

A

Internal jugular veins

125
Q

Irregularly shaped trabeculated venous compartment along sides of sella turcica

A

Cavernous sinuses

126
Q

Cavernous sinuses contain

A

Cavernous ICA, CN6, 3,4 V1 and V2

127
Q

Tributaries of cavernous sinus

A

Superior/inferior opthalmic veins, sphenoparietal sinus

128
Q

Intracranial vein that begins near anterior perforated substance. Receives anterior cerebral, DMCV tributaries from insula, basal ganglia, parahippocampal gyrus. Drains into great cerebral vein of Galen

A

Basal vein of Rosenthal

129
Q

Three major large anastomotic cortical veins

A

Vein of Trolard
Vein od Labbe
Superficial middle cerebral vein

130
Q

Major superior anastomotic vein

A

Vein of Trolard

131
Q

Major inferior anastomotic vein

A

Vein of Labbe

132
Q

Major middle anastomotic vein

A

Superficial middle cerebral vein

133
Q

Persistence of primitive leptomeningeal vascular plexus with paucity of normal cortical veins

A

Sturge-weber syndrome

134
Q

Space within double-layered tela choroidea of third ventricle, communicates posteriorly with quadrigeminal cistern

A

Cavum veli interpositi

135
Q

Small linear veins that originate 1-2 cm below cortex, courses towards ventricles, terminate un subependymal veins

A

Medullary veins

136
Q

Short, U-shaped midline vein formed from union of ICVs, BVRs, curves posteriorly and superiorly under corpus callosum splenium in quadrigeminal cistern

A

Vein of Galen (great cerebral vein)

137
Q

Vascular territory of deep cerebral veins

A

Caudate nuclei, deep cerebral (medullary) white matter, medial temporal lobes

138
Q

Primitive median prosencephalic vein persists as outlet for diencephalic, choroidal venous drainage.
Persisting falcine sinus +/- absent hypoplastic straight sinus

A

Vein of galen malformation

139
Q

Three major posterior fossa/midbrain drainage system

A

Superior galenic group
Anterior petrosal group
Posterior tentorial group

140
Q

Vascular territory of superior galenic group

A

Midbrain, pons, superior surface of cerebellar hemispheres, upper vermis

141
Q

Vascular territory of anterior petrosal group

A

Anterior petrosal surface of cerebellar hemispheres, lateral pons, brachium pontis, medulla, flocculus, nodulus

142
Q

Vascular territory of posterior tentorial group

A

Inferior/posterior surfaces of cerebellar hemispheres, inferior vermis, tonsils

143
Q

Collects numerous scalp, auricular tributaries

A

Superficial temporal vein

144
Q

Connects freely with dural sinuses, meningeal veins.

May form large venous lakes

A

Diploic veins

145
Q

Connects intra and extraaxial veins

A

Emissary veins

Head and neck radiology (15 decks)

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