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Head and neck radiology > Infratentorial brain > Flashcards

Infratentorial brain Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior fossa houses

A

Brainstem and cerebellum
Cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle
CSF cisterns containing CNs, vertebrobasillar arterial system and veins

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2
Q

Largest part of hindbrain, integrated coordinations and fine tuning of movement and regulation of muscle tone

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

Connects pons and cerebellum with forebrain

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

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4
Q

Relays information from brain to cerebellum

A

Pons

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5
Q

Relays information from spinal cord to brain

A

Medulla

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6
Q

Contains large descending white matter tracts: midbrain cerebral peduncles, pontine bulb, medullary pyramids

A

Ventral part of brainstem

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7
Q

Contains tegmentum, common to midbrain, pons and medulla; contains CN nuclei and reticular formation

A

Dorsal part of brainstem

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8
Q

Has two hemispheres and midline vermis, three surfaces, connected to brainstem by three paired peduncles, cortical gray matter, central white matter and 4 paired deep gray nuclei

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

Superior boundary of posterior fossa

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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10
Q

Anterior border of posterior fossa

A

Clivus

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11
Q

Lateral border of posterior fossa

A

Temporal bones and calvarium

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12
Q

Inferior border of posterior fossa

A

Foramen magnum and calvarium

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13
Q

Contains cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) that contains corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine tracts

A

Ventral midbrain

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14
Q

Ventral to cerebral aqueduct

A

Dorsal tegmentum of midbrain

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15
Q

Upper midbrain contains what cranial nerve at superior colliculus level

A

CN3

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16
Q

Lower midbrain contains what cranial nerve at inferior colliculus level

A

CN4

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17
Q

Dorsal to cerebral aqueduct

A

Tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

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18
Q

Contains the white matter tracts of medial longitudinal fasciculus, medial lemniscus, lateral lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, central tegmental tract

A

Dorsal tegmentum of midbrain

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19
Q

Contains white matter tracts if medial longitudinal fasciculus, medial lemniscus, lateral lemniscus, trapezoid body, spinothalamic tract, central tegmental tract

A

Dorsal tegmentum of pons

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20
Q

Contains main nuclei of CN5

A

Upper pons

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21
Q

Contains nuclei of CN6,7,8

A

Lower pons

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22
Q

Contains CN nuclei of 9,10,11

A

Upper and mid medulla

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23
Q

Contains CN12 nuclei

A

Mid medulla

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24
Q

3 surfaces of cerebellum

A

Superior (tentorial)
Inferior (suboccipital)
Anterior (petrosal)

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25
Q

Major fissures of cerebellum

A

Primary (tentorial)
Horizontal (petrosal)
Prebiventral/prepyramidal (suboccipital)

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26
Q

Also called brachium conjunctivum

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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27
Q

Also called brachium pontis

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

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28
Q

Also called the restiform body

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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29
Q

Midbrain is supplied by

A

Perforating branches from basilar, superior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries

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30
Q

Pons is supplied by

A

Superior cerebellar artery, perforating branches of basilar artery

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31
Q

Medulla is supplied by

A

Anterior spinal artery, vertebral artery penetrating branches, posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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32
Q

Cerebellum is supplied by

A

Superior cerebellar, posterior inferior cerebellar and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

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33
Q

“Butterfly-shaped” upper brainstem which passes thru hiatus in tentorium cerebelli

A

Midbrain

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34
Q

3 main parts of midbrain

A

Cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

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35
Q

Adjacent CSF cisterns of midbrain

A

Interpeduncular, ambient (perimesencephalic), quadrigeminal plate

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36
Q

Anterior CSF cistern of midbrain that contains CN3

A

Interpeduncular

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37
Q

Lateral CSF cistern of midbrain that contains CN4

A

Ambient

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38
Q

Posterior CSF cistern of midbrain that contains CN4

A

Quadrigeminal plate

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39
Q

Oculomotor-vestibular mesencephalic tegmentum

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

40
Q

Somatosensory mesencephalic tegmentum

A

Medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract

41
Q

Auditory mesencephalic tegmentum

A

Lateral lemniscus

42
Q

Motor mesencephalic tegmentum

A

Central tegmental tract

43
Q

Pigmented nucleus, extends through midbrain from pons to subthalamic region, important in movement

A

Substantia nigra

44
Q

Contains dopaminergic cells that is atrophies in Parkinson disease

A

Pars compacta

45
Q

Contains GABAergic cells

A

Pars reticularis

46
Q

Relay and control station for cerebellar, globus pallidus and corticomotor impulses.
Important for muscle tone, posture, locomotion

A

Red nucleus

47
Q

Surrounds cerebral aqueduct.

Important in modulation of pain and defensive behavior

A

Periaqueductal grey

48
Q

Dorsal to CN3 nucleus in periaqueductal grey

A

Edinger-Westphal parasympathetic nuclei

49
Q

Expands from medulla to rostral midbrain that occupies central tegmentum, with afferent and efferent connections. Important in consciousness, motor function, respiration and cardiovascular control

A

Reticular formation

50
Q

Visual pathway in tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

A

Superior colliculi

51
Q

Auditory pathway in tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

A

Inferior colliculi

52
Q

Contains CN5-8

53
Q

Adjacent CSF cisterns of pons

A

Prepontine and cerebellopontine angle

54
Q

Prepontine cistern contains

55
Q

Cerebellopontine cistern contains

56
Q

Blood supply of pons

A

Medial branches of superior cerebellar arteries, perforating branches of basilar artery, thalamoperforator arteries

57
Q

Bulk of motor, main sensory and mesencephalic nuclei located in pons

58
Q

Nucleus in pontine tegmentum near midline, anterior to fourth ventricle

59
Q

Bulge in the floor of fourth ventricle that contains axons of facial nerve loop around abducens nucleus

A

Facial colliculus

60
Q

3 main nuclei of facial nerve within pons

A

Motor, superior salivatory, solitary tract

61
Q

CN8 niclei beneath lateral recess along floor of fourth ventricle (rhomboid fossa)

A

Vestibular nuclei

62
Q

CN8 nuclei on lateral surface of inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)

A

Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

63
Q

White matter lesions affecting middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) or location of medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Multiple sclerosis

64
Q

Osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis) is characterized by

A

Central T1 hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity in ventral pons

65
Q

Enhancing mass in CPA angle

A

Vestibulocochlear schwanoma or meningioma

66
Q

Contains CN9-12 nuclei

67
Q

Caudal border contains first cervical nerves

68
Q

Arise from superior aspect of dorsal medulla; peduncles diverge and incline to enter cerebellar hemispheres.
Contains nuclei of CN8 located along its dorsal surface

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

69
Q

Paired medial nuclei in lower aspect if dorsal medulla

70
Q

Paured lateral nuclei in lower aspect of dorsal medulla

71
Q

Blood supply of medulla

A

Distal vertebral arteries, posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, anterior spinal artery

72
Q

Largest nuclei in medulla and forms bulge on surface of medulla

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

73
Q

Occupies central tegmentum, afferent and efferent connections.
Important in consciousness, motor function, respiration and cardiovascular control

A

Reticular formation

74
Q

CN9-11 exit medulla in what sulcus

A

Postolivary sulcus

75
Q

CN12 exits anterior medulla in what sulcus

A

Pre-olivary sulcus

76
Q

Interactive organ for coordination and fine tuning of movement and regulation of muscle tone

A

Cerebellum

77
Q

Cerebellar peduncle that contains efferent fiber systems extending to red nucleus and thalamus

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

78
Q

Cerebellar peduncle that contains fiber mass originating from pontine nuclei and represent continuation of corticopontine tracts

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

79
Q

Cerebellar peduncle that contains spinocerebellar tracts and connections to vestibular nuclei

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

80
Q

CSF cistern that is inferior to cerebellum

A

Cisterna magna

81
Q

Blood supply of cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar attery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery

82
Q

Cerebellar vermis is separated by what fissure

A

Horizontal (petrosal) fissure

83
Q

Fibers from vermis cortex, vestibular nuclei and other medulla nuclei

A

Fastigial nucleus (medial vermis)

84
Q

Fibers from vermis cortex, sends fibers to medulla nuclei

A

Globose (posterior) nucleus

85
Q

Fibers from cerebellar cortex, between vermis and hemispheres, sends fibers to thalamus

A

Emboliform (anterior) nucleus

86
Q

Fibers from hemispheric cortex, sends fibers to red nucleus and thalamus.
Largest nucleus, shaped as a heavily folded band with medial opening

A

Dentate nucleus

87
Q

Contains CN7 and CN8 and AICA loop

A

CPA-IAC cistern

88
Q

Lateral CSF-filled cap of IAC cistern containing distal CN7, inferior and superior vestibular nerves and cochlear nerve

A

IAC fundus

89
Q

Bony opening connecting IAC fundus to cochlea

A

Cochlear aperture

90
Q

CN7 and CN8 orientation in IAC cistern

A

Seven-up, coke down

91
Q

Arises from basilar artery then rises into IAC, continues in IAC as internal auditory artery. Supplies 3 branches to inner ear

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

92
Q

Horizontal bony projection from IAC fundus

A

Crista falciformis

93
Q

Vertical bony ridge in superior portion IAC fundus

A

Vertical crest

94
Q

IAC outlet for cochlear nerve to cochlea

A

Cochlear apperture

95
Q

Perforated bone between IAC and vestibule of inner ear

A

Macula cribrosa

Head and neck radiology (15 decks)

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