Intra-cellular Damage Flashcards
1
Q
morphologic alternations of reversible injury?
A
- cell swelling - ATP dependent pumps
2. fatty change - cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, principally in cells involved in beta-oxidation
2
Q
morphologic alternations of irreversible injury (a.k.a necrosis)?
A
Two principle processes:
- Denaturation of proteins
- Enzymatic digestion (organelles & other cytosolic compartments)
a. More Eosinophilic
b. Glossy (due to glycogen loss)
c. Vacuolated
d. Calcium salts (fatty soaps)
e. Nuclear - Pyknosis (small, dense), Karyolysis (faint, dissolved), Karyorrhexis (fragmented)
3
Q
Coagulative Necrosis:
A
- The most common type
- Protein Denaturation
- Preservation of the structures (due to enzymes inactivation)
- Heterolysis by macrophages
- Autolysis by lysosomal enzymes.
- Characteristic of hypoxia in all tissues - except the brain.
4
Q
Liquefactive Necrosis:
A
- Auto/Heterolysis predominates over protein denaturation.
- Soft area filled with fluid
- Characteristic of bacterial infection and hypoxia in the brain.
5
Q
Gangrenous Necrosis:
A
- Does not have a specific pattern, rather just coagulative (dry) or liquefactive (wet) when superimposed with a bacterial infection.
6
Q
Caseous Necrosis:
A
- Characteristic of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection.
- Grossly appears as soft & “cheesy” material.
- Microscopically as amorphous Eosinophilic material with cell debris
7
Q
Fat Necrosis:
A
- Seen in adipose tissue
- Onset due to pancreatic damage and liberation of pancreatic lipases to the bloodstream.
- FAs released from TGs then complex with calcium to create soaps (white chalky areas)
- Histologically blurred cell outlines and calcium depositions.
8
Q
Fibrinoid Necrosis:
A
- Antigen-Antibody complexes depositions in blood vessels.
- Bright pink amorphous material (protein deposition) in arterial walls. (protein dyes pink)
- associated with inflammation and thrombosis frequently.
