Cytokines

Question 1

Vasodilation?

Answer 1

Prostaglandins - PGI2, PGE1/2, PGD2

Question 2

Increased Vascular Permeability?

Answer 2

LTC4D4E4, PGD2, PGE2

Question 3

Vasoconstriction?

Answer 3

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) LTC4D4E4

Question 4

Chemotaxis & Adhesion?

Answer 4

LTB4, HETE

Question 5

which eicosanoids have literally opposing effects?

Answer 5

TXA2 and Prostacyclin (PGI2). While the former causes vasoconstriction and promotes platelet aggregation, the latter causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Question 6

Kinins and Complement are examples of?

Answer 6

Plasma proteins produced by the liver

Question 7

The major growth factor source is

Answer 7

• Macrophages, stimulated by IL-4 and IL-13.

- Secreting IL-6 usually (for example in the regeneration of the liver)

Question 8

Which mediator causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, adhesion, chemotaxis, degranulation, and oxidative burst?

Answer 8

Platelet-Activating Factor

Question 9

Fever, Metabolic abnormalities, and hypotension (shock) are systemic effects of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF. What are the local effects?

Answer 9

• Activating endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules.

Question 10

Histamine major actions are? (3)

Answer 10

• Vasodilation, Increased vascular permeability, and endothelial activation.