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A&P 1 > Into To A&P 1 > Flashcards

Into To A&P 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of body parts and the relationship to each other

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the function of the body

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3
Q

A&P are inseprable

A

Form dictates function

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4
Q

Necessary life functions

A
  1. Organization
  2. Movement
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Metabolism
  5. Growth, reproduction and development
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5
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite changes in the environment

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6
Q

Negative feedback system

A

Regulation of blood glucose
Regulation of body temperature

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7
Q

Positive feedback system

A

Formation of platelet plug during blood clotting

Labor enhancement of contractions by oxytocin

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8
Q

What is negative feedback system?

A

In these systems the output shuts off or reduces the activity of the original effect of the stimulus

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9
Q

Positive feedback system

A
  1. Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
  2. May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect
  3. Usually controls infrequent events that do not require adjustment
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10
Q

Regional terms

A

Designate specific body areas within major divisions

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11
Q

Directional terms

A

Explain where one body structure is in relation to another

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12
Q

Anatomical position

A
  • Body erect
  • feet slightly apart
    -palms facing forward
    . Thumbs point away from body
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13
Q

Two major divisions of the human body

A
  1. Axial division- head neck and trunk
  2. Appendicular division - limbs
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14
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above

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15
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head end toward the lower part of the body or below

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16
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

17
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

18
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

20
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and more lateral structure

21
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the organ of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

22
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the paint of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

23
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward or at the body surface

24
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface more internal

25
Q

Sagital plane

A

Divides body into right and left parts

26
Q

Midsagittal (median) plane

A

Lies on midline

27
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Not on midline

28
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

29
Q

Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

Divides body horizontally (90° to vertical plane) into superior and inferior parts
- produces a cross section

30
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A
  • Protects nervous system
  • two sub divisions
    cranial cavity (encases brain)
    Vertebral cavity (encases spinal cord)
31
Q

Ventral body cavites

A
  • Houses internal organs (viscera)
  • two subdivisions separated by diaphragm
    thoracic cavity ( heart and lungs)
    Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity-digestive viscera)
    Pelvic cavity( bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)
32
Q

Thoracic cavity ( heart and lungs)

A

Two pleural cavaties
- each surrounds a lung
Mediastinum
- contains pericardial cavity which encloses the heart
- it also surrounds the thoracic organs( esophagus, trachea)

33
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity
- contains stomach spleen and liver
Pelvic cavity
- contains bladder reproductive organs and rectum)

34
Q

Membranes in ventral body cavity

A

The walls of the ventral body cavity and the organs it houses are covered by a thin double layered membrane called the serosa or serous membrane
-Parietal serosa ( lines internal body cavities)
-Visceral serosa ( covers internal organs)

35
Q

Serous cavity

A

Serous membranes are separated by the serous cavity which is filled with serous fluid( secreted by both membranes)

36
Q

Serous membranes named for specific cavity and organs for which they are associated

A
  • pericardium (heart)
  • pleurae (lungs)
  • peritoneum (Abdominopelvic cavity)
37
Q

Other body cavities

A

Exposed to environment
• Oral (mouth)
• Nasal cavity (nose)
•Orbital ( houses the eyes)
•Middle ear cavities

Not exposed to enviroment
•Synovial cavities (joint cavities)

38
Q

Label the diagram with body cavaties

A
39
Q

Identify the following planes

A

A&P 1 (10 decks)

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