Into To A&P 1

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure of body parts and the relationship to each other

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

The study of the function of the body

Question 3

A&P are inseprable

Answer 3

Form dictates function

Question 4

Necessary life functions

Answer 4

1. Organization
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness
4. Metabolism
5. Growth, reproduction and development

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite changes in the environment

Question 6

Negative feedback system

Answer 6

Regulation of blood glucose
Regulation of body temperature

Question 7

Positive feedback system

Answer 7

Formation of platelet plug during blood clotting

Labor enhancement of contractions by oxytocin

Question 8

What is negative feedback system?

Answer 8

In these systems the output shuts off or reduces the activity of the original effect of the stimulus

Question 9

Positive feedback system

Answer 9

1. Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
2. May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect
3. Usually controls infrequent events that do not require adjustment

Question 10

Regional terms

Answer 10

Designate specific body areas within major divisions

Question 11

Directional terms

Answer 11

Explain where one body structure is in relation to another

Question 12

Anatomical position

Answer 12

• Body erect
• feet slightly apart
  -palms facing forward
  . Thumbs point away from body

Question 13

Two major divisions of the human body

Answer 13

1. Axial division- head neck and trunk
2. Appendicular division - limbs

Question 14

Superior (cranial)

Answer 14

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above

Question 15

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 15

Away from the head end toward the lower part of the body or below

Question 16

Ventral (anterior)

Answer 16

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Question 17

Dorsal (posterior)

Answer 17

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Question 18

Medial

Answer 18

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Question 19

Lateral

Answer 19

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Question 20

Intermediate

Answer 20

Between a more medial and more lateral structure

Question 21

Proximal

Answer 21

Closer to the organ of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 22

Distal

Answer 22

Farther from the origin of a body part or the paint of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 23

Superficial (external)

Answer 23

Toward or at the body surface

Question 24

Deep (internal)

Answer 24

Away from the body surface more internal

Question 25

Sagital plane

Answer 25

Divides body into right and left parts

Question 26

Midsagittal (median) plane

Answer 26

Lies on midline

Question 27

Parasagittal plane

Answer 27

Not on midline

Question 28

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 28

Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

Question 29

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 29

Divides body horizontally (90° to vertical plane) into superior and inferior parts - produces a cross section

Question 30

Dorsal body cavity

Answer 30

- Protects nervous system - two sub divisions cranial cavity (encases brain) Vertebral cavity (encases spinal cord)

Question 31

Ventral body cavites

Answer 31

- Houses internal organs (viscera) - two subdivisions separated by diaphragm thoracic cavity ( heart and lungs) Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity-digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity( bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)

Question 32

Thoracic cavity ( heart and lungs)

Answer 32

Two pleural cavaties - each surrounds a lung Mediastinum - contains pericardial cavity which encloses the heart - it also surrounds the thoracic organs( esophagus, trachea)

Question 33

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 33

Abdominal cavity - contains stomach spleen and liver Pelvic cavity - contains bladder reproductive organs and rectum)

Question 34

Membranes in ventral body cavity

Answer 34

The walls of the ventral body cavity and the organs it houses are covered by a thin double layered membrane called the serosa or serous membrane -Parietal serosa ( lines internal body cavities) -Visceral serosa ( covers internal organs)

Question 35

Serous cavity

Answer 35

Serous membranes are separated by the serous cavity which is filled with serous fluid( secreted by both membranes)

Question 36

Serous membranes named for specific cavity and organs for which they are associated

Answer 36

- pericardium (heart) - pleurae (lungs) - peritoneum (Abdominopelvic cavity)

Question 37

Other body cavities

Answer 37

Exposed to environment • Oral (mouth) • Nasal cavity (nose) •Orbital ( houses the eyes) •Middle ear cavities Not exposed to enviroment •Synovial cavities (joint cavities)

Question 38

Label the diagram with body cavaties

Question 39

Identify the following planes