Ch. 10 Muscle and Muscle Tissue Flashcards
List of four functions of muscle tissue/muscles
- Movement of bones or fluids. (Blood)
- Maintaining posture and body position.
- Stabilizing and strengthening joints.
- Heat generation.(especially skeletal muscle)
Does the following characteristics apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Requires nervous system stimulation
Skeletal
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Involuntary contractions (does not require nervous stimulation)
Smooth, cardiac
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Striated
Skeletal, cardiac
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Non-striated
Smooth
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Found attached to bones or cartilage
Skeletal
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Found in the walls of the heart
Cardiac
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Found lining that digestive urinary and reproductive tract
Smooth
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Found lining blood vessels
Smooth
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Cells are long and cylindrical
Skeletal
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Are spindles shaped with central nuclei
Smooth
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Cells are multi nucleate
Skeletal
Does the following characteristic apply to skeletal, smooth and or cardiac muscle?
Contains sarcomeres
Skeletal and cardiac
Label the following features of muscles
Indicate if the following statement is true or false
Skeletal muscle cells contain multiple nuclei
True
Is the following statement true or false?
The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcolemma
True
Is the following statement true or false?
Most muscles connect to bones directly that is via tendons or aponeuroses
False
Most connect indirectly via tendons
Is the following statement true or false?
Another name for a muscle cell is a muscle fiber
True
Is the following statement true or false?
The basic structural unit of muscle cells are sarcoplasms which are comprised of myofibrils
False
The basic structural unit is a sarcomere
Is the following statement true or false?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a modified smooth endoplasmic reticulum that specializes in storing calcium
True
Name the following structures found in a muscle fiber
Name the following structures found in a myofibril
Label the following structures found in a sarcomere
Name the following structures of the neuromuscular junction
Fill in the blank
A sarcomere is the distance between two ____?
Z-discs
Fill in the blank
The _____ contains only actin filaments
I band
Fill in the blank
The thicker filaments are the _____ filaments
Myosin
Fill in the blank
Both actin and myosin are found in the_____
A band
_____ is a calcium binding protein found in skeletal muscle cells
Troponin
The myosin filaments are located in the_____
A-band
The protein that blocks actin from binding to myosin is_____
Troponin
What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
A) Tropomyosin is the chemical that activates the myosin heads
B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
C) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the actin binding sites on the myosin molecules
D) Tropomyosin is the receptor for the motor neuron neurotransmitter
B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction, and by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
What structure and skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) Mitochondria
C) intermediate filament network
D) myofibrillar network
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following statements about the generation and propagation of action potentials initiated in the neuromuscular junction is not true?
A) the binding of neuro transmitters to receptors at the neuromuscular junction opens chemically (ligand) gated ions channels
B) the opening of ligand gated channels at the neuromuscular junction allows the simultaneous diffusion of Na+ inward and K+ outward, causing interior of cell to become more negative (a local depolarization) —> cell interior becomes less negative
C) local depolarization spreads to adjacent membrane areas and causes additional voltage gated Na+ channels open
D) Increasing Na+ influx further decreases membrane voltage towards critical voltage called threshold
E) once an AP is initiated, it is unstoppable and leads to a muscle fibercontraction
B) The opening of ligand gated channels at the neuromuscular junction allows the simultaneous diffusion of Na+ inward and K+ outward causing the interior of the cell to become more negative (a local depolarization)—> cells interior becomes less negative
Excitation contraction coupling requires, which of the following substances?
A) Ca+ and ATP
B) Ca+ only
C) ATP only
D) ATP and glucose
B) Ca+ only
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contractions is to______?
A) make, and store phosphocreatine
B) synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments
C) provide a source of myosin for the contraction process
D) regulate intercellular calcium concentration
D) regulate, intercellular calcium concentration
What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
A) form hydroxyapatite crystals
B) reestablish glycogen stores
C) bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition
D) increase levels of myoglobin
C) bind to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition
After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?
A) calcium ions, returning to the terminal cisternae
B) the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved
C) acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
D) the action potential stops going down the overloaded T tubules
C) acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
Put the following fuels in order of use during intense, short, duration exercise
_______Phosphorylation of creatine phosphorylation
______ATP immediately available in muscle cells
______Anaerobic respiration
_____2_____ Phosphorylation of creatinine phosphorylation
_____1_____ ATP immediately available in muscle cells
_____3_____ Anaerobic respiration
Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cells by__________
A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
B) forming a chemical compound with actin
C) inducing a confirmational change in the myofilaments
D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to synthesize ATP
D) string energy that will be transferred to ADP to synthesize ATP
During prolonged duration exercise muscles use
A) ATP stored in muscle cells
B) aerobic respiration
C) creatine phosphorylation
D) anaerobic respiration
B) aerobic respiration
Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false?
Smooth muscle has no connective tissue sheets or membranes
False
Smooth muscle has a scanty endomysium
Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle is highly developed
False
Is actually poorly developed
Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false?
Smooth muscle does not exhibit sarcomeres, myofibrils or T tubules
True
Is the following statement truth or false about smooth muscle?
Smooth muscle tissue usually has two-layers — longitudinal and circular
True
Is the following statement about smooth muscle true or false?
Instead of T tubules smooth muscles have caveolae of sarcolemma
True
Briefly describe the special features of smooth muscle and their indications for organ lined with smooth muscle
Stress relaxation response:
Smooth muscle responds to stretch only briefly, then adapt to new length(but retains ability to contract on demand). This enables organ such as stomach and bladder to temporary store contents without expelling them with contractions.
Briefly describe the special features of smooth muscle and their indications for organs lined with smooth muscle
Length and tension changes
Smooth muscle can contract when between half and twice its resting length (not limited by sarcomeres). This allows, hollow organs to tolerate tremendous change in volume with out becoming flabby one empty.
Briefly describe the specials, features of smooth muscle and their indications for organs lined with smooth muscle
Hyperplasia
All muscle cells can under hypertrophy (increase in cell size), but muscle cells can also divide and increase numbers. This allows organ such as the uterus to grow during pregnancy.
