Intestines 2 Flashcards
What general condition is a major global health problem killing 12,000 children each day due to an acquired infection leading to abdominal pain, urgency/incontinence, perianal discomfort, diarrhea, and hemorrhage?
Infectious enterocolitis
What causes infectious enterocolitis?
Viral, bacterial, and protozoal agents
What condition is caused by Virbrio cholerae?
Cholera
How is cholera transmitted?
Fecal-oral route (H2O)
Where is cholera seen the most?
India/Africa
How is cholera able to affect chloride ion secretion?
Secretes cholera toxin and opens CFTR channel releasing massive amounts of chloride ions
What unique stool appearance is associated with cholera?
“Rice water” stool
Does cholera affect tissues?
Minimal tissue damage (noninvasive)
What are the symptoms of cholera?
Cramping, hypotension, shock, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
What is the mortality rate for cholera?
50-70% lethal without treatment most commonly in 24 hours
What is the appearance of Vibrio cholerae and is it a gram negative or gram positive bacteria?
Comma-shaped, gram-negative
What is the treatment for cholera?
Fluids, electrolytes, antibiotics, zinc
What is the pathogen responsible for campylobacter enterocolitis?
Campylobacter jejuni
What is the most common bacterial enteric pathogen in the U.S.?
Campylobacter jejuni
What is the most common pathogen that causes traveler’s diarrhea?
E. coli
Traveler’s diarrhea is acquired from what kinds of contaminated food?
Chicken, water, milk
Which is more common: non-invasive or invasive campylobacter enterocolitis?
Non-invasive
What are the results of invasive campylobacter enterocolitis?
Enterotoxins lead to dysentery and pyrexia
What other conditions may be initiated by campylobacter enterocolitis?
Reactive arthritis (+HLA-B27) or GBS
What kinds of pathogens can be responsible for acute self-limited colitis that lasts for less than month without treatment?
Campylobacter, Shigella, E. coli, Salmonella
What is another name for antibiotic-associated colitis?
Pseudomembranous colitis
What causes pseudomembranous colitis?
Antibiotics disrupts microbiota
Due to extreme inflammation, which leukocyte is largely present in pseudomembranous colitis?
Neutrophils
What pathogen is responsible for pseudomembranous colitis?
Clostridium difficile (overgrowth in the colon from natural microbiota)