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Systems Pathology II Midterm > Blistering Disorders & Tumors > Flashcards

Blistering Disorders & Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of blistering disorders talked about in class?

A

1 Pemphigus
2 Bullous pemphigoid
3 Dermatitis Herpetiformis

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2
Q

What is the reason for the painful blister that results from pemphigus?

A

Loss of cellular attachments

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3
Q

What are the two types of pemphigus?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus

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4
Q

Which form of pemphigus is more common and more severe?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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5
Q

What is the age and gender bias for pemphigus?

A

Middle-aged/elderly women

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6
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with pemphigus?

A

Type II

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7
Q

What family of antibodies is associated with pemphigus?

A

IgG

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8
Q

A “fishnet-like” pattern of IgG antibodies is associated with which blistering disorder?

A

Pemphigus

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9
Q

What are the body locations associated with pemphigus?

A

Face, scalp, axillae, groin

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10
Q

Where are blisters of pemphigus located in the skin?

A

Bottom of epidermis in stratum basale (suprabasal)

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11
Q

Which form of pemphigus is limited to the skin with no influence on the mucosa?

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

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12
Q

Which form of pemphigus involves both the skin and mucosa?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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13
Q

What is the location of the blisters associated with pemphigus foliaceus?

A

Below stratum corneum (subcorneal)

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14
Q

What is the age range for bullous pemphigoid?

A

Older adults

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15
Q

What are the body locations for bullous pemphigoid?

A

Thigh, forearm, axilla, groin

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16
Q

What is the location of the blisters associated with bullous pemphigoid?

A

Subepidermal (below the epidermis)

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17
Q

Subcorneal blisters are associated with which blistering disorder?

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

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18
Q

Suprabasal blisters are associated with which blistering disorder?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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19
Q

Subepidermal blisters are associated with which blistering disorder?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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20
Q

Linear IgG antibodies can be seen with which blistering disorder?

A

Bullus pemphigoid

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21
Q

In which blistering disorder does the epidermis separate from the dermis and a blister forms in between?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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22
Q

Tense bullae are associated with which blistering disorder?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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23
Q

Why are the bullae associated with bullous pemphigoid strong in appearance?

A

Epidermis remains intact while blister forms below it

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24
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis is seen in 10% of patients with what chronic disease?

A

Celiac disease

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25
Q

What is the age and gender bias for dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Males, ages 20-40 years

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26
Q

What are the body locations associated with dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Torso, gluteal region, elbows, knees

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27
Q

In which blistering disorder are IgA antibodies seen on the dermal papillae?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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28
Q

What three benign and pre-malignant tumors were discussed in class?

A

1 Seborrheic keratosis
2 Sebaceous adenoma
3 Actinic keratosis

29
Q

What kind of cells make up the tumor of seborrheic keratosis?

A

Keratinocytes (benign)

30
Q

What age group is primarily affected by seborrheic keratosis?

A

Middle-aged or elderly

31
Q

What is the appearance of the lesions associated with seborrheic keratosis?

A

Dark, flat, round, “coin-like”, “stuck-on”

32
Q

What condition is important to rule out when observing the dark, flat lesions of seborrheic keratosis?

A

Malignant melanoma

33
Q

Leser-Trélat sign is associated with what skin condition?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

34
Q

What is the body location for sebaceous adenomas?

A

Head and neck

35
Q

Sebaceous adenomas are associated with what larger-scale syndrome?

A

Muir-Torré Syndrome

36
Q

What type of pre-cancer dysplasia occurs to sun-exposed areas resulting in small, tan/brown, sandpaper-like lesions?

A

Actinic keratosis

37
Q

What is the treatment for actinic keratosis?

A

Local eradication

38
Q

What are the three types of malignant epidermal tumors discussed in class?

A

1 Squamous cell carcinoma
2 Basal cell carcinoma
3 Melanoma

39
Q

When death occurs due to squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma, what was usually the factor involved?

A

Neglect

40
Q

What is the second most common skin cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

41
Q

What genetic mutation is associated with squamous cell carcinoma?

A

TP53 mutation

42
Q

What age group is mostly affected by squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Older adults

43
Q

What are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Total UV exposure, males, burns, ionizing radiation, tar/oil, arsenic, chronic ulcers

44
Q

What is the gender bias for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Males more likely to be affected

45
Q

Squamous cell carcinomas are common among those with what preexisting condition involving faulty nucleotide excision repair?

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

46
Q

10% of cases of what other skin condition can progress into squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Actinic keratosis

47
Q

Which is deeper in the skin: squamous cell or basal cell carcinomas?

A

Basal cell carcinomas (in the stratum basale)

48
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

49
Q

What are the risks for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Total UV exposure, mutated tumor supressor genes

50
Q

What gene mutations are associated with basal cell carcinomas?

A

TP53 and PTCH (Hedgehog pathway)

51
Q

What is the location of melanocytic proliferations?

A

Stratum basale

52
Q

What condition involves acquired benign tumors of melanocytes?

A

Melanocytic nevus

53
Q

What are the two types of melanocytic nevus?

A

Common nevus and dysplastic nevus

54
Q

What is the lay term for common nevus?

A

Mole, beauty mark

55
Q

A common nevus grows into what layer of the skin?

A

Dermis

56
Q

What is the usual onset of a common nevus?

A

Childhood/adolescence

57
Q

How does a dysplastic nevus differ from a common nevus?

A

Dysplasia, irregular borders and colors

58
Q

What form of dysplastic nevus has a higher risk of transitioning into melanoma?

A

Familial dysplastic nevus

59
Q

What are the two forms of dysplastic nevus?

A

Sporadic or familial

60
Q

What is the third most common skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

61
Q

What are the risks for melanoma?

A

Intense UV, fair skin/red hair

62
Q

What is the familial association with melanoma?

A

10% have family history

63
Q

What is the order of growth direction associated with melanoma?

A

Horizontal growth followed by vertical growth

64
Q

Which direction of growth of melanoma indicates aggressiveness?

A

Vertical growth

65
Q

To which organs can melanoma metastasize?

A

Liver, lung, CNS

66
Q

Do most cases of melanoma present with symptoms?

A

NO, usually asymptomatic

67
Q

What things can indicated signs of aggressiveness of melanoma?

A

Increased size
Change in color
New lesion in adulthood

68
Q

What is the ABCDE acronym for melanoma?

A 
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation* (some say evolving)
69
Q

Which form of skin cancer presents as a pearly papule with telangiectasis?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Systems Pathology II Midterm (7 decks)

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