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Systems Pathology II Midterm > Dermatoses > Flashcards

Dermatoses Flashcards

1
Q

What were the three forms of acute inflammatory dermatoses discussed?

A

1 Urticaria
2 Acute Eczematous Dermatitis
3 Erythema Multiform

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2
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with urticaria?

A

Type I (allergy)

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3
Q

What is the major sign seen with urticaria?

A

Multiple wheals (isolated or diffuse)

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4
Q

What type of urticaria is associated with common allergens: IgE-dependent or IgE-independent?

A

IgE-dependent

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5
Q

What type of urticaria is associated with medications like opiates and antibiotics: IgE-dependent or IgE-independent?

A

IgE-independent

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6
Q

What is the usual age range for urticaria?

A

20-40 years

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7
Q

When do the wheals of urticaria fade away?

A

Within 24 hours

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8
Q

What is the scientific cause of hereditary angiodema?

A

Excessive complement activation

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9
Q

What kinds of things can trigger hereditary angiodema?

A

Trauma, menstruation, stress, medications, viral infection

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10
Q

Hereditary angiodema is associated with what acute inflammatory dermatosis?

A

Urticaria

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11
Q

What is the full clinical name for eczema?

A

Acute eczematous dermatitis

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12
Q

What are the signs of the acute version of eczema? Chronic?

A

Acute - red, blisters, oozing, crusts

Chronic - raised scaling plaque

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13
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with acute eczematous dermatitis?

A

Type I AND Type IV

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14
Q

What kind of sensation accompanies eczema?

A

Itchiness (scratching may cause trauma)

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15
Q

What is the most common form of acute eczematous dermatitis?

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

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16
Q

What is the cellular problem occurring with allergic contact dermatitis?

A

CD4+ T cell sensitization

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17
Q

Does allergic contact dermatitis present as a generalized or local site?

A

Local (limited to contact site)

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18
Q

What is the atopic triad associated with atopic dermatitis?

A

Dermatitis, asthma, rhinitis

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19
Q

What type of eczema onsets in childhood and then improves with age?

A

Atopic dermatitis (atopic ezcema)

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20
Q

Which type of eczema is associated with an inherited risk of hypersensitivity?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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21
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with erythema multiforme?

A

Type IV

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22
Q

What two things can cause erythema multiforme?

A

Infection (like HSV) or drug reaction

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23
Q

How common is erythema multiforme?

A

RARE

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24
Q

Describe the appearance of the lesion associated with erythema multiforme.

A

Red macule, pale eroded center “targetoid lesion”
OR
vesicles/bullae (fluid-filled)

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25
Q

Which form of erythema multiforme occurs post-infection and is milder?

A

Erythema multiforme minor

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26
Q

What form of erythema multiforme is drug-related and aggressive?

A

Erythema multiforme major

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27
Q

Sloughing of the epidermis, fluid loss, and possible infection are all associated with which form of erythema multiforme?

A

Erythema multiforme major

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28
Q

What are the three chronic inflammatory dermatoses discussed in class?

A

1 Psoriasis
2 Lichen Planus
3 Lichen Simplex Chronicus

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29
Q

What is the prevalence of psoriasis?

A

2% of the population

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30
Q

What is the cellular issue with psoriasis?

A

T cells in the epidermis attack the “self”

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31
Q

How long does psoriasis last?

A

Lifelong

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32
Q

What change is seen in the skin due to psoriasis?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

33
Q

What is the appearance of psoriasis?

A

Pink/salmon colored plaque covered by flaky silver-white scales

34
Q

What are the usual locations for psoriasis?

A

Elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral region, glans penis, intergluteal cleft

35
Q

What is the term for the punctate bleeding spots seen with psoriasis when scales are scraped off?

A

Auspitz sign

36
Q

Lichen planus is an autoimmune condition involving the T cells of what location?

A

Dermoepidermal junction (skin or mucosa)

37
Q

What are risk factors for lichen planus?

A

Various medications, dyes, arsenic, hepatitis C

38
Q

What is the typical age group for lichen planus?

A

Middle-aged adults

39
Q

What are the 6 P’s of lichen planus?

A

Pruritic (itchy), purple, polygonal, planar, papules, plaques

40
Q

How long does it take lichen planus to self resolve?

A

1-2 years

41
Q

Lichen planus is most common on what location of the body?

A

Extremities

42
Q

Wickham’s striae are associated with what type of dermatosis?

A

Lichen planus

43
Q

70% of lichen planus cases have involvement in what body area?

A

Oral cavity

44
Q

What form of inflammatory dermatosis is associated with repetitive trauma?

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

45
Q

What skin changes are seen with lichen simplex chronicus?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia and dermal scarring

46
Q

Describe the scale seen with lichen simplex chronicus.

A

Raised and itchy

47
Q

What are the three types of infectious dermatoses?

A

Bacterial, funga, and verrucae (viral)

48
Q

What pathogen is responsible for 80% of impetigo cases?

A

Staph. aureus (20% Strep. pyogenes)

49
Q

Describe the appearance of impetigo.

A

Honey-colored crust or abscess

50
Q

What are the usual locations of impetigo?

A

Face, neck, extremities (rarely the trunk)

51
Q

Are the lesions from impetigo painful?

A

No, painless (but itchy)

52
Q

What pathogen is responsible for a dermal abscess (deep infection)?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

53
Q

Puncture wounds or a burn site are associated with what type of dermatosis?

A

Dermal abscess

54
Q

What are the various names for fungal infections resulting in dermatoses?

A

Mycosis, dermatophytosis, tinea

55
Q

Do fungal dermatoses usually involve the superficial or deep layers of the skin/nail bed?

A

Superficial

56
Q

Fungal dermatoses can become granulomatous when involving what layers of the skin: superficial or deep?

A

Deep

57
Q

What is the direct cause of the fungal dermatoses?

A

Fungal byproducts

58
Q

What sensation is commonly felt with fungal dermatoses?

A

Intense itchiness

59
Q

What kind of fungal infection is likely to affect those with AIDS, TB, or after a stem cell transplant or chemotherapy?

A

Aspergillosis

60
Q

What is the location for tinea corporis?

A

Non-hairy skin (body)

61
Q

What pathogen is responsible for aspergillosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

62
Q

What is a general term to describe the population that typically develops aspergillosis?

A

Immunodeficient

63
Q

What is the mechanism of action via body systems for aspergillosis?

A

Angioinvasive (lungs to blood)

64
Q

What is the location for tinea capitis?

A

Scalp

65
Q

What is the location for tinea unguium?

A

Nails

66
Q

What is the term for the painless separation of the nail from the nail bed that occurs with tinea unguium?

A

Onycholysis

67
Q

What is the location for tinea pedis?

A

Feet/toes

68
Q

What is the lay term for tinea pedis?

A

Athlete’s foot

69
Q

What is the location for tinea barbae?

A

Beard (hair follicle)

70
Q

What is the location for tinea cruris?

A

Groin

71
Q

What is the lay term for tinea cruris?

A

Jock itch

72
Q

What pathogen is responsible for thrush seen in infants?

A

Candida albicans

73
Q

Thrush seen in an adult is associated with what condition?

A

AIDS (basically exclusively)

74
Q

Which strains of HPV are more likely to be associated with cervical cancer?

A

HPV-16 and HPV-18

75
Q

Which strains of HPV cause about 90% of genital warts?

A

HPV-6 and HPV-11

76
Q

What is the genetic factor with HPV-6 and HPV-11 enabling growth formation?

A

Oncoproteins E6 and E7 stimulate cell growth to form warts

77
Q

General warts are common among what population?

A

Pediatrics

78
Q

Do most warts go away on their own?

A

Yes

79
Q

Which is more common: verruca vulgaris or verruca plana?

A

Verruca vulgaris

Systems Pathology II Midterm (7 decks)

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