Intestinal Immunity

Question 1

Where in/on the body are most microbes

Answer 1

Skin and GI tract

Question 2

T/F we are 10% human and 90% microbial cell

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F we are 1% human genes and 99% microbial genes

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Where in the GI do we find most microbes

Answer 4

Large intestine

Question 5

T/F about 25% of fecal material is microbial stuff

Answer 5

False (50%)

Question 6

What does our microbiome digest

Answer 6

Indigestible plant fiber (into Short Chain FAs) and provides our Colonocytes 80% of their energy

Question 7

How do we combat C diff

Answer 7

Fecal Microbiota Transplant

Question 8

Is there communication between brain-gut-enteric microbiota

Answer 8

YES

Question 9

how does the brain-gut-microbiota help us

Answer 9

reduce anxiety, stress and depression

Question 10

what causes production of T reg cells

Answer 10

Short Chain Fatty acids, Butyrate, and healthy microbes

Question 11

What are prebiotics

Answer 11

Foods we can eat that promote the good flora

Question 12

What are probiotics

Answer 12

Live microorganisms which when administed in adequate amounts cn=onfer a helath benefit to the host

Question 13

what foods naturally contain good bacteria

Answer 13

fermented foods

Question 14

What is a list of things our microbiome does

Answer 14

• competes with pathogens
• produces vitamins (k)
• digests fiber
• talks to immune system

Question 15

Where can you find non-inflammatory macrophages

Answer 15

in the Lamina propria of the gut

Question 16

what makes these special macrophages non-inflammatory

Answer 16

• dont release a great deal of cytokines

- use “small attacks”

Question 17

what does secretory IgA do in the gut

Answer 17

• neutralize invaders
• escort them back into the lumen of the gut
• dont cause inflammation

Question 18

why doesnt Secretory IgA cause inflammation

Answer 18

dont have FC heavy chain receptors (they just neutralize not opsonize)

Question 19

T/F default in the intestines is anti-inflammatory

Answer 19

True

Question 20

intestinal epithelial cells produce what

Answer 20

TGFbeta -> iT reg

Question 21

what does iTreg cells produce

Answer 21

IL-10, TGFbeta (anti-inflammatory)

Question 22

TLRs on DCs bind specific bacteria in the gut and produce cytokines that what

Answer 22

calm the immune response

Question 23

do DCs in the gut sample the lumen directly or indirectly

Answer 23

Directly

Question 24

what on DCs detect flagella on pathogens

Answer 24

TLR5

Question 25

DCs produce IL-6 which drives which cytokine profile

Answer 25

Th17