Interview & Child witnessing

Question 1

Structured vs Unstructured interview

Answer 1

Unstructured: Questions = Free form, nondirective, unstructured; Scoring interpreted freely
Structured: Questions = Fixed questions, fixed probes, directive, structures; Scored formally

Question 2

Why improvement in predicting job performance for structured vs unstructured interviews? (4)

Answer 2

• Standardized questions
• Analysis of job domain
• Well-defined rating scales
• Mechanical combination of ratings

Question 3

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V (SCID) - Features (3)

Answer 3

• Standardized questions
• Corresponding to the domain of psychopathology
• Decision tree to arrive at diagnosis

Question 4

How can we assess Reliability of SCID (3)

Answer 4

• Joint interviews
• Test-retest design: Interrater agreement (Kappa stat - 50-70)
  Note: Fair to good reliability for many disorders

Question 5

Assess reliability of SCID: Joint interviews

Answer 5

Participant is interviewed by one clinician, others observe and make independent ratings

Question 6

Assess reliability of SCID: Test-retest design

Answer 6

Participant interviewed at 2 diff times by 2 diff interviewers

Question 7

How should validity of the SCID be evaluated?

Answer 7

Best estimate diagnosis = “LEAD” standard:

Question 8

SCID-validity: “LEAD” standard def

Answer 8

Longitudinal assessment (L)
Done by expert diagnosticians (E)
Using all data (AD) that are available about the subjects (family informants, review of medical records, and observations of clinical staff)

Question 9

Although conceptually the LEAD standard is appealing, ______________________ accounts for its limited use

Answer 9

the difficulty in implementing it

Question 10

What Validity Evidence is there for the SCID? (3)

Answer 10

• Content: Close correspondence between SCID questions and DSM criteria
• Criterion: Meh - LEAD criterion may be possible but not comprehensively studied
• Construct: Problems with discriminant validity; high co-occurrence of diagnoses
  Conclusion: Excellent content validity, but limited other forms of validity

Question 11

Child Witness Interviewing: Important Principles about memory (5)

Answer 11

• It’s changeable: the act of remembering changes the memory
• It is constructive
• Not everything that is experienced gets in
• Not everything that gets in stays in
• Not everything that stays in gets out

Question 12

Major Characteristics of Interviewer Bias (4)

Answer 12

1. A priori beliefs about occurrence
2. Collection of confirmatory evidence ONLY
3. Failure to test alternative hypotheses
4. Ignore discrepant evidence

Question 13

Suggestive Interviewing Techniques leads to ____

Answer 13

False response or True response (but not captured bc misreport)

Question 14

Components of Suggestive Interviews (7)

Answer 14

• Information introduced by the interviewer that has NOT been mentioned by the interviewee
• Few open-ended questions
• Leading/misleading questions
• Repeating questions
• Emotional tone of the interview
  
  • Selective reinforcement
  • Brives, threats, rewards
• Aggrandizement of interviewer status
• Visualization procedures/pretending (what could it be?)

Question 15

NICHD Protocol Kinds of questions - 3 steps

Answer 15

• Main invitation(“Tell me everything that happened from the beginning to the end)
• Follow-up invitations (“Tell me more about that.”; “Then what happened?”)
• Follow up and cued invitations(“Earlier you mentioned ___. Tell me everything about that”)

Question 16

Stages of the NICHD protocol (10)

Answer 16

• Introduction
• Establish ground rules for truthfulness and control transfer.
• Build rapport with the interviewee.
• Conduct a practice interview for memory training.
  Transition to substantive phase:
• Investigate incidents using open-ended prompts and separating incidents.
• Ask focused questions about undisclosed information followed by open-ended prompts.
• Discuss disclosure information (initial disclosures and who else knows).
• Conclude the interview, inviting additional information or questions.
• End with a neutral topic for closure.

Question 17

NICHD Protocol - Types of questions (2)

Answer 17

1. Directive questions (“Wh” questions about previously mentioned details)
   
   • ”When did it happen?” or “What color was his car?”
2. Option-posing questions (yes/no questions referencing new issues)
   
   • “Did he touch any part of your body when he was talking to you?”
     => Suggestive utterances are strongly discouraged: “At that time he was laying on top of you, wasn’t he?”

Question 18

Suggestibility: Not only a problem for children

Answer 18

• Job selection research
  
  • Pre-interview information
    
    • Influences questions
    • Influences what is remembered