Interview & Child witnessing Flashcards
Structured vs Unstructured interview
Unstructured: Questions = Free form, nondirective, unstructured; Scoring interpreted freely
Structured: Questions = Fixed questions, fixed probes, directive, structures; Scored formally
Why improvement in predicting job performance for structured vs unstructured interviews? (4)
- Standardized questions
- Analysis of job domain
- Well-defined rating scales
- Mechanical combination of ratings
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V (SCID) - Features (3)
- Standardized questions
- Corresponding to the domain of psychopathology
- Decision tree to arrive at diagnosis
How can we assess Reliability of SCID (3)
- Joint interviews
- Test-retest design: Interrater agreement (Kappa stat - 50-70)
Note: Fair to good reliability for many disorders
Assess reliability of SCID: Joint interviews
Participant is interviewed by one clinician, others observe and make independent ratings
Assess reliability of SCID: Test-retest design
Participant interviewed at 2 diff times by 2 diff interviewers
How should validity of the SCID be evaluated?
Best estimate diagnosis = “LEAD” standard:
SCID-validity: “LEAD” standard def
Longitudinal assessment (L)
Done by expert diagnosticians (E)
Using all data (AD) that are available about the subjects (family informants, review of medical records, and observations of clinical staff)
Although conceptually the LEAD standard is appealing, ______________________ accounts for its limited use
the difficulty in implementing it
What Validity Evidence is there for the SCID? (3)
- Content: Close correspondence between SCID questions and DSM criteria
- Criterion: Meh - LEAD criterion may be possible but not comprehensively studied
- Construct: Problems with discriminant validity; high co-occurrence of diagnoses
Conclusion: Excellent content validity, but limited other forms of validity
Child Witness Interviewing: Important Principles about memory (5)
- It’s changeable: the act of remembering changes the memory
- It is constructive
- Not everything that is experienced gets in
- Not everything that gets in stays in
- Not everything that stays in gets out
Major Characteristics of Interviewer Bias (4)
- A priori beliefs about occurrence
- Collection of confirmatory evidence ONLY
- Failure to test alternative hypotheses
- Ignore discrepant evidence
Suggestive Interviewing Techniques leads to ____
False response or True response (but not captured bc misreport)
Components of Suggestive Interviews (7)
- Information introduced by the interviewer that has NOT been mentioned by the interviewee
- Few open-ended questions
- Leading/misleading questions
- Repeating questions
- Emotional tone of the interview
- Selective reinforcement
- Brives, threats, rewards
- Aggrandizement of interviewer status
- Visualization procedures/pretending (what could it be?)
NICHD Protocol Kinds of questions - 3 steps
- Main invitation(“Tell me everything that happened from the beginning to the end)
- Follow-up invitations (“Tell me more about that.”; “Then what happened?”)
- Follow up and cued invitations(“Earlier you mentioned ___. Tell me everything about that”)
Stages of the NICHD protocol (10)
- Introduction
- Establish ground rules for truthfulness and control transfer.
- Build rapport with the interviewee.
- Conduct a practice interview for memory training.
Transition to substantive phase: - Investigate incidents using open-ended prompts and separating incidents.
- Ask focused questions about undisclosed information followed by open-ended prompts.
- Discuss disclosure information (initial disclosures and who else knows).
- Conclude the interview, inviting additional information or questions.
- End with a neutral topic for closure.
NICHD Protocol - Types of questions (2)
-
Directive questions (“Wh” questions about previously mentioned details)
- ”When did it happen?” or “What color was his car?”
-
Option-posing questions (yes/no questions referencing new issues)
- “Did he touch any part of your body when he was talking to you?”
=> Suggestive utterances are strongly discouraged: “At that time he was laying on top of you, wasn’t he?”
- “Did he touch any part of your body when he was talking to you?”
Suggestibility: Not only a problem for children
- Job selection research
- Pre-interview information
- Influences questions
- Influences what is remembered
- Pre-interview information
