Interventions & Stigma Flashcards
Definition of Intervention Stigma
a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.
Definition of stigma
Negative attitudes or discrimination towards an individual based on distinguishing characteristics, for example related to culture, race, age, gender, or health
Natural process?
- Labelling difference or categorising
- Stereotyping
- Separation of ‘them’ and ‘us’
- Status loss and discrimination
Components of stigma
Public and self stigma consists of
Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination
Efficient
quickly generate impressions/ expectations of stereotyped inidividuals
Social
collectively agreed upon ideas or communities
Thornicroft, Rose, Kassam, & Sartorius, 2007
– Knowledge (ignorance)
– Attitudes (prejudice)
– Behaviour (discrimination)
What do emotions predict?
discrimination more than stereotypes
What does stigma research mostly focus on?
on prejudice
What’s discrimination?
unfair treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age or sexual orientation.
The impact of stigma
May impact (Huggett et al., 2018)
– The individual
– Their family and friends
– Organisations
What does stigma impact?
– Employment, accommodation, relationships, self esteem, insurance
– Help seeking
– Illness and mortality
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attributional ambiguity
Impact on help-seeking
Often thought to be a primary reason for poor help-seeking
Authors aimed to investigate the impact of different stigma types on active help-seeking in the general population
Description of Meta-analysis of 27 studies
– Participants stigmatising attitudes towards people with a mental illness
– Participants’ own negative attitudes towards mental health help-seeking
What is the impact on self-esteem and suicide risk?
including feelings of lovability, how capable an individual feels, and how influential or important an individual feels
Internalised stigma- stigmatised individuals begin to believe the stigmatising views which are common in society
Evidence on self-esteem and suicide risk
- Significantly associated with quality of life (Mashiach-Eizenberg et al. 2013)
- 179 people with severe mental illnesses
What are the types of stigma intervention?
Protest
Education
Contact
What is protest?
seeks to suppress stigmatizing attitudes about mental illness
What is Education?
replaces myths about mental illness with accurate concepts
What was the aim of Corrigan et al. (2001)
to compare contact, education, protest, and no intervention in improving stigma
What is Contact?
challenges attitudes about mental illness through direct interactions with people who have experienced living with a mental illness
How many participants in Corrigan et al. (2001)
152 community college students
What were the results of Corrigan et al. (2001)
Contact intervention = most successful, education = some success, protest = no improvement in attitudes.
Why are there different types of stigma intervention?
Psychological reactance: people are less likely to comply with a request if they perceive it as limiting their freedom or choices
- Rebound effect: where people ordered to supress negative stereotypes become more sensitised to them
