Interventions & Stigma

Question 1

Definition of Intervention Stigma

Answer 1

a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.

Question 2

Definition of stigma

Answer 2

Negative attitudes or discrimination towards an individual based on distinguishing characteristics, for example related to culture, race, age, gender, or health

Question 3

Natural process?

Answer 3

1. Labelling difference or categorising
2. Stereotyping
3. Separation of ‘them’ and ‘us’
4. Status loss and discrimination

Question 4

Components of stigma

Answer 4

Public and self stigma consists of
Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination

Question 5

Efficient

Answer 5

quickly generate impressions/ expectations of stereotyped inidividuals

Question 6

Social

Answer 6

collectively agreed upon ideas or communities

Question 7

Thornicroft, Rose, Kassam, & Sartorius, 2007

Answer 7

– Knowledge (ignorance)
– Attitudes (prejudice)
– Behaviour (discrimination)

Question 8

What do emotions predict?

Answer 8

discrimination more than stereotypes

Question 9

What does stigma research mostly focus on?

Answer 9

on prejudice

Question 10

What’s discrimination?

Answer 10

unfair treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age or sexual orientation.

Question 11

The impact of stigma

Answer 11

May impact (Huggett et al., 2018)
– The individual
– Their family and friends
– Organisations

Question 12

What does stigma impact?

Answer 12

– Employment, accommodation, relationships, self esteem, insurance
– Help seeking
– Illness and mortality
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Attributional ambiguity

Question 13

Impact on help-seeking

Answer 13

Often thought to be a primary reason for poor help-seeking
Authors aimed to investigate the impact of different stigma types on active help-seeking in the general population

Question 14

Description of Meta-analysis of 27 studies

Answer 14

– Participants stigmatising attitudes towards people with a mental illness
– Participants’ own negative attitudes towards mental health help-seeking

Question 15

What is the impact on self-esteem and suicide risk?

Answer 15

including feelings of lovability, how capable an individual feels, and how influential or important an individual feels
Internalised stigma- stigmatised individuals begin to believe the stigmatising views which are common in society

Question 16

Evidence on self-esteem and suicide risk

Answer 16

• Significantly associated with quality of life (Mashiach-Eizenberg et al. 2013)
• 179 people with severe mental illnesses

Question 17

What are the types of stigma intervention?

Answer 17

Protest
Education
Contact

Question 18

What is protest?

Answer 18

seeks to suppress stigmatizing attitudes about mental illness

Question 19

What is Education?

Answer 19

replaces myths about mental illness with accurate concepts

Question 20

What was the aim of Corrigan et al. (2001)

Answer 20

to compare contact, education, protest, and no intervention in improving stigma

Question 21

What is Contact?

Answer 21

challenges attitudes about mental illness through direct interactions with people who have experienced living with a mental illness

Question 22

How many participants in Corrigan et al. (2001)

Answer 22

152 community college students

Question 23

What were the results of Corrigan et al. (2001)

Answer 23

Contact intervention = most successful, education = some success, protest = no improvement in attitudes.

Question 24

Why are there different types of stigma intervention?

Answer 24

Psychological reactance: people are less likely to comply with a request if they perceive it as limiting their freedom or choices

• Rebound effect: where people ordered to supress negative stereotypes become more sensitised to them

Question 25

Contact theory?

Answer 25

• The theory of intergroup contact (Allport, 1954)

Question 26

What is the contact of theory about?

Answer 26

Interaction between different groups reduces conflict, prejudice, and discrimination between these groups

Question 27

Optimal conditions for contact interventions?

Answer 27

Pettigrew, 1998)
– Equal
– Common goals
– Co-operation rather than competition
– Approval of authority
stigma of mental illness and mental health treatment

Question 28

Aim of Optimal conditions for contact interventions?

Answer 28

to examine the effects of 2 types of contact intervention in reducing stigma

Question 29

Types of contact interventions?

Answer 29

in-person contact: an African American man discussing his experiences with mental illness and psychotherapy
video contact: the same session as above but pre-recorded

Question 30

Method of contact interventions?

Answer 30

158 participants assigned to the conditions. Stigma measured immediately before, after, and 2 weeks following the stigma intervention

Question 31

Results of contact interventions?

Answer 31

stigma and help-seeking attitudes improved in both conditions equally

Question 32

Study of Education and Contact

Answer 32

Ahuja et al. (2017):

Question 33

Aim of Education and Contact?

Answer 33

To improve attitudes towards people with mental illness
among college students

Question 34

Participants of education and Contact?

Answer 34

50 young people attending collage

Question 35

Method of education and Contact?

Answer 35

A 2 hour intervention consisting of education and contact combined, as both strategies have been shown to be successful at improving attitudes. Measures of stigma collected before and immediately after the intervention, as well as one week later.

Question 36

Results of education and Contact?

Answer 36

Attitudes improved significantly after the intervention, and remained improved at one week follow up