Interventions Ch7 Flashcards
Psychological Skills training ( PST)
A program or intervention that entails a structured and consistent practice of psychological skills
Psychological Skills
- Attention Control
- Self- talk
- Imagery
- Arousal regulation
- Goal Setting
PST Program Phase/componets
Education Phase: Athletes Learn the value and performance impact of mental skills.
Acquisition Phase: Athletes learn different mental skills and how to use them.
Practice Phase: Apply mental skills in sport practice and competition
What are the Common Myths related to PST
*Psychological skills training is only for elite athletes…MYTH: PST training can be done with athletes of varying abilities, ages, and levels in a variety of sport or exercise setting
-Psychological Skills training gives a quick fix for performance problems…MYTH: PST is NOT magical, overnight solution to performance issues . It takes practice
Psychological Skills Training is not useful
-MYTH: Research supports the effectiveness of PST
Attention Control
The process that directs our awareness to information available through our senses
Components of Attention
Limited Resource: capacity model, limitations people have at performing 2 or more tasks at the same time.
Example: learning how to drive : As we increase our proficiency, our processing becomes more automatic
Selective prospecting: focussing on relevant cues and discarding irrelevant ones
Attention Control Strategies
Imagery: using mental images
Mindfullness: complementary intervention
Attentional Styles
Temporal and Occlusion
Temporal
the process of examining the amount of time people take to select the info they need to respond. (time)
Occlusion
the process of examining which characteristics of the performance people use to make a correct response.
Self Talk
self talk refers to “verbalizations or statements … to the self”
o Has different dimensions
o Its dynamic
o Has two functions (instructional and motivational)
Instructional (self talk)
overt or covert speech that individuals use for skill elopement skill execution strategy development, and general performance imrovment
Motivational (self talk)
overt or covert speech that individuals use for mastery, arousal, control and drive.
What (self talk)
We can consider
Valence: Positive-negative
Verbalization :”Overt- covert” (aloud vs internal)
Self-determination:”Assigned- freely chosen”
Direction Interpretation ( and Directional intensity ) : “Motivating or demotivating “ ( not at all or a lot)
Frequency: “often or never”
Where (self talk)
o Sport context
o Non- sport context
When (self talk)
During competition: Athletes use ST more here
o During practice
o Pre game / pre practice
o Post game/ post practice
Imagery
“Imagery is an experience that mimics real experience. We can be aware of ‘seeing’ an image, feeling movements as an image , or experiencing an image of smell, tastes, or sounds without actually experiencing the real thing” We are not asleep; “we are awake and conscious when we form an image”
Where and When (imagery)
Training and Practice: During; pre-post
Competition: During; pre-post, Pre-competition - used most often, Injury/ rehab setting
Why (imagery)
Motivational- Specific: Goals ; outcome
Cognitive - Specific: Specific skill rehearsal or correction
Motivational General- Mastery : Mental toughness, confidence, focus
Motivational General- Arousal Relaxation , psych up , emotion
Cognitive general-Developing and executing strategies or routines
What (imagery)
Perspective: Internal (actor) and External (spectator)
Mode (senses)
* Visual
* Kinesthetic
* Auditory
* Olfactory
* Taste
Positive/Negative
* Use positive images
* See what you want to have happen
Imagery to be Effective
Vividness: How clear are the 5 senses
Controllability: Can you manipulate the images to make them do what you want ?
PETTLEP model
Physical- Invoke sensations (5) associated with actual movements
Environment- Be in or imagine the practice or competitive setting as closely as possible
Task - Congruence between imaged task and actual movement ( correct)
Timing- Matches imaged skill time to actual movement time/speed
Learning - Imagery content should change over time as skill becomes well learned
Emotion - Need to image emotional responses to parallel actual situation
Perspective - Internal or external
LONG ANSWER identify and describe the connection between arousal, anxiety and performance.
The connection between arousal, anxiety, and performance is crucial in understanding how individuals perform in various tasks. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, performance initially improves with increased arousal, but beyond a certain point, excessive arousal and anxiety can lead to a decline in performance. Optimal performance occurs when arousal and anxiety levels are moderate, allowing individuals to be sufficiently motivated without being overwhelmed. Effective management of arousal and anxiety through techniques such as relaxation, visualization, and cognitive restructuring is essential for achieving peak performance.
Techniques to increase arousal in sport
Pep-talk/pre game speech. is possible for pep talk to back fire. -Instruction or information -Emotion or inspiration
Music- * Tempo Rhythm Lyrics Genre
