Intervention Mapping

Question 1

Intervention Mapping

Answer 1

• A procedure that helps to choose and apply appropriate theory when trying to change behaviour
• A planning tool that helps you think about which piece to change

Question 2

Why do we use intervention mapping?

Answer 2

• To apply our taught theories to real life problems

- To provide a structured approach to problem solving

Question 3

How do we select a theory?

Answer 3

• Who are we talking about?
• What is their context?
• What is stopping them from changing behaviour?
• What is needed to change behaviour?

Question 4

Intervention Framework 6 steps are…

Answer 4

1. Needs assessment
2. Intervention objectives
3. Processes and techniques
4. Intervention Assembly
5. Adoption and Implementation
6. Evaluation

Question 5

Step 1

Answer 5

• Needs Assessment
• Identify the context of the intervention (target population, setting, community)
• State the goals of the program (what behaviour do we want to change and ultimate goals?)
• What is the specific behaviour change targeted?

Question 6

Step 2

Answer 6

• Objectives
• What is it you actually want to do?
• What are the expected outcomes for the behaviour?
• What are the determinants of behavioural outcomes?

Question 7

Determinants

Answer 7

• The constructs within the theories
• What is in their way and stopping them from changing behaviour?
• What are their current attitudes towards the behaviour?

Question 8

Step 3

Answer 8

• Processes and techniques
• Choose a theory and evidence-based change methods
• What is the best theory I can use to talk about the specific determinants?
• What is the best theory I can address this with?
• How will I deliver those methods?

Question 9

Evidence-based change methods

Answer 9

• Starting from construct and working backwards to theory

- e.g. Enhancing self efficacy links to social cognitive theory

Question 10

Step 4

Answer 10

• Intervention assembly
• How am I going to build the intervention? How will it look?
• How will I talk to people?
• Materials, messages, protocols

Question 11

Step 5

Answer 11

• Program Implementation
• Who is going to administer/facilitate the program?
• How long will the intervention go on for?

Question 12

Step 6

Answer 12

• Evaluation
• To see if it works
• How will I know the program was effective?
• Loops back to Step 1 because not one intervention works every time for everything; it is an ongoing process

Question 13

Other considerations

Answer 13

• Structure of interventions
• Specific behaviour change targeted
• Modifiable processes that regulate behaviour (determinants)
• Intervention content (techniques used)
• Mode of delivery
• Intervention components (materials and methods used)
• Setting (during and after assessment)
• Fit between intervention and cultural and practical context (always have to refine, lots of overlap_
• Characteristics and qualifications of those delivering intervention
• Intensity of each session
• Overall duration of sessions over period of time
• Fidelity (adherence to design)
• Evaluation of intervention

Question 14

Thai Example (Step 1)

Answer 14

• Needs assessment

- Only 2% of female undergraduate students were PA

Question 15

Thai Example (Step 2)

Answer 15

• Setting objectives

- Increase PA in students to at least 30 minutes per day

Question 16

Thai Example (Step 3)

Answer 16

• Theoretical Design

- Social cognitive theory using self-regulation to increase self-efficacy

Question 17

Thai Example (Step 4)

Answer 17

• Practical Plan

- Students set goals and use a pedometer to self-monitor

Question 18

Thai Example (Step 5)

Answer 18

• Implementation

- Via a website because of big population size

Question 19

Thai Example (Step 6)

Answer 19

• Evaluation

- Research on the intervention

Question 20

Thai Example (Conclusion)

Answer 20

• The SCT based internet intervention successfully promoted and maintained PA in university female students
• SE and SR were responsible for increases in PA at end of the intervention but the effects did not remain after the 3 months follow up (their PA went back down)

Question 21

How do we translate theory-based methods in practical use?

Answer 21

• Fit it with the intervention population and context it will be conducted in
• Need a sufficient understanding of the theory behind the method
• Understand the theoretical parameters under which the process is effective or not

Question 22

Parameters

Answer 22

• Specific contexts or situations whether individual or outside to the person
• The actual situations the person is it
• Are they ready for change? (Can’t start without belief)

Question 23

Health Belief Model

Answer 23

-Not good for actual behaviour change, good for getting an idea about beliefs about a disease

Question 24

Protection Motivation Theory

Answer 24

-Developed to assess the impact of fear appeals

Question 25

Theory of Planned Behaviour

Answer 25

• What leads to intention?

- Are there ways to overcome the intention-behaviour gap?

Question 26

Social cognitive theory

Answer 26

-Self efficacy offers one way to change behaviour

Question 27

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 27

-persuading through central or peripheral routes

Question 28

Operant conditioning

Answer 28

• And other automatic behaviours

- Reinforcement and punishment

Question 29

Effective behaviour change methods (Steps)

Answer 29

1. Target a determinant that predicts behaviour (underpinning the behaviour)
2. Must be able to change the determinant (How? What needs to be in place for intervention to work?)
3. Must be translated into a practical application in a way that preserves the parameters for effectiveness (fits the target population, culture, and context)

Question 30

What do you need before using the tables?

Answer 30

• Assume the intervention developer has identified which behaviour to change, and whose behaviour this is
• Assumed the relevant determinants and underlying beliefs have been identified