Interregnum

Question 1

what was the name of the first parliament in charge 1648 - 1653?

Answer 1

The Rump parliament

Question 2

Why was the 1st Rump parliament weak?

Answer 2

Not many people supported it
Divided in its ideas
People plotted against them
Levellers wanted more social change and their powers reduced
Money was spent quickly
Forced to increase tax
Slow to come to agreements
Seen as corrupt

Question 3

What happened at Drogheda 1649?

Answer 3

Cromwell surrounded the town and told them to surrender
When they refused he attacked and killed over 1,000 Catholics
He burnt down a church with people still inside

Question 4

How did Cromwell justify Drogheda 1649?

Answer 4

He claimed god was on his side
He said that they were no innocent for what they had done in the Irish rebellion
It was the only was to gain control of Ireland

Question 5

What were the Major Generals 1655 - 1657?

Answer 5

England was divided into 12 regions with a Major General in charge of each
They were responsible for monitoring peoples behaviour and make sure people stayed loyal

Question 6

Why did the use of Major Generals end 1657?

Answer 6

They were not effective
People wanted the end of military rule
They weren’t powerful enough
Not all of them were respected
Not all regions were controlled in the same way

Question 7

What was the Bare Bones parliament 1653?

Answer 7

When the Rump parliament failed to make religious changes or produce a constitution Cromwell and the army took control
It’s representatives were selected not elected

Question 8

Why did the Bare Bones parliament fail?

Answer 8

Disagreements over religion, law and property

Question 9

What year was Cromwell made Lord Protector?

Answer 9

1653

Question 10

What was Cromwell’s structure of parliament like?

Answer 10

There was a three part Instrument of Government
Lord Protector - Council of State - An occasional Single Chamber Parliament
Lord Protector was head, they had less power than the king, he had to govern according to the advice of the court and couldn’t choose his own advisors

Question 11

Why were Major Generals put in place?

Answer 11

As a response to the royalist Penruddock’s uprising
He wanted them to reduce unrest and create loyalty

Question 12

When was the Barebones parliament?

Answer 12

1653

Question 13

What was the Humble Petition and Advice 1657?

Answer 13

A request by parliament to make Cromwell king
They wanted to make the regime more respectable and prevent the succession going to military leaders

Question 14

What were the terms of the Humble Petition and Advice?

Answer 14

For Cromwell to become king
End arbitrary exclusion
Reduce the power of the council
Set up the ‘Other House’
Reduce the size of the armed forces
Limit religious tolerance

Question 15

What did parliament offer after he Cromwell refused to be king?

Answer 15

that if he accepted the constitution then he could keep his title

Question 16

Why was Cromwell outnumbered in parliament?

Answer 16

Republicans attacked the Other House where most of his supporters sat. The House of Commons was now dominated by his opposition

Question 17

When did Cromwell die?

Answer 17

September 1658

Question 18

Why was Richard Cromwell weak?

Answer 18

He wasn’t a genuine soldier
He wasn’t interested in the military or politics
He preferred to be in the country
He had little respect from the military

Question 19

What did Cromwell fail to do?

Answer 19

Set up a self sustaining government

Question 20

Why was the army against Richard Cromwell?

Answer 20

They wanted him removed as commander in chief because he had no experience
The army was owed £900,000

Question 21

How much debt was the Protectorate in by 1658?

Answer 21

£2.5 million

Question 22

How did Richard Cromwell reduce the power of the army?

Answer 22

The Council of Officers could only sit with the permission of parliament
The local militia was under the direct control of parliament

Question 23

Why did Richard Cromwell dissolve parliament?

Answer 23

Pressure from the army

Question 24

Who was in charge after Richard Cromwell?

Answer 24

The Rump Parliament was allowed to return
Even those forced to leave during Prides Purge

Question 25

what was the Booth uprising 1659?

Answer 25

A royalist uprising lead by George Booth
They wanted free elections and parliament
It seemed more like an anti rump sentiment

Question 26

Why did the Booth uprising fail 1659?

Answer 26

Support from Spain didn’t arrive
John Lambert sent to put it down

Question 27

How did John Lambert gain influence?

Answer 27

For dealing with the Booth uprising

Question 28

Who’s side was John Lambert on?

Answer 28

He was on the army’s side
He wanted the Rumps authority reduced

Question 29

When did the 2nd Rump parliament dissolve?

Answer 29

1659
A military rule was now in place and the committee of safety was now in place

Question 30

Who did the expelled MPs appoint as Commander in chief?

Answer 30

George Monck

Question 31

Who did the army send to stop George Monck?

Answer 31

John Lambert

Question 32

Why did George Monck beat John Lambert?

Answer 32

His men were better organised and better paid

Question 33

Why was the Long parliament restored in 1660?

Answer 33

George Monck wasn’t happy that the Rump (3) had dismissed half the army officers so forced them to call back all the MPs from before prides purge 1648

Question 34

What was the Long parliaments new name 1660?

Answer 34

The Convention parliament

Question 35

What was the Declaration of Breda 1660?

Answer 35

A declaration made by Charles II saying that if he returned anyone who fought against him would be pardoned

Question 36

How did George Monck help Charles return?

Answer 36

He told his to move out of Catholic countries and go to protestant Brussels
Encouraged him to make the Declaration of Breda

Question 37

When was Charles II crowned?

Answer 37

May 1660