Civil War Flashcards
What was Charles’ side called?
Cavaliers/ Royalists
What was parliaments side called?
Roundheads/ Parliamentarians
What we’re the Royalists’ strengths at the start of the war?
There was a lot of loyalty to the King because going against the king nent going against God
There were a lot of wealthy people who knew the law
They had military experience
They knew how to ride horses
They had support from the North West and Wales
What we’re the Royalists’ weaknesses at the start of the war?
The North wasn’t as wealthy as the south
They struggled to tax people and had to ask for donations
No help from foreign powers
They got weaker as the war went on
What we’re the Roundheads Strenghts at the start of the war?
Controlled London
Easier to tax people
Military supplies
Had control of more ports
The Navy was on their side
Roundhead weaknesses at the start of the war?
Couldn’t ride horses
Controlling London mobs was difficult
Lack of military experience
At first couldn’t come up with a strategy
When was the Battle of Edgehill?
1642
What was Charles’ aim for the Battle of Edgehill?
To recapture London
What happened at the Battle of Edgehill?
Royalists charged at Roundheads, forcing them to separate
They continued running and tried to takeover nearby towns
The Roundheads managed to regroup
Both sides claimed that they won
Charles didn’t take the opportunity to take London
Royalists lead by Prince Rupert Roundheads lead by Earl of Essex
What we’re the Oxford negotiations 1643?
Parliament wanted Charles to dispand him army, accept the triennial act, pardon the 5 MP’s, and only command the army with parliamentary advice
He would only agree if he was given back his revenue, ships, and forts
Nothing was agreed and the war continued
What was Charles’ 3 pronged plan?
His plan to take back London
He would take over large cities like York and Bristol easily
When he got to Gloucester it was harder then he thought and the plan failed
Who did Charles go to to ask for more troops?
Ireland
Why was getting troops from Ireland a bad thing?
• It spread ideas of a popish conspiracy
• People thought Charles was allowing a Catholic take over
• There wasn’t enough
• They would often desert when they lost
Whi organised the alliance with Scottland 1643?
John Pym
What was the Solemn League and Covenant 1643?
An agreement between Parliament and Scotland to bring Scottish troops across the border
They agreed to establish Presbyterianism throughout Charles’ relms
They thought it was to vauge so could be ignored
21,000 men came under Alexander Leslie
What happened at the Battle of Marston Moor 1644? Fire🔥🐎🫛
• Royalist attempt to seige York
• There were disagreements between leaders
• Prince Rupert fell out with General Newcastle over strategy
• They were outnumbered
• They started campfires which allowed the Roundheads to start a surprise attack
• 4,500 were killed
• Rupeet had to hide in a bean feild
Which leaders died in 1643?
John Pym and John Hampden
What was the new model army 1645?
• They combined three armies
• Mixed people with knowledge of different areas
• They now had a cavalry unit
• Now longer promoted based on class
• United in religion
• Prayed before battle
• They were now paid
What happened at the battle of Natesby 1645?
• Charles wanted to link up with the Earl of Montrose in Scotland and attack before the new model army was ready
• He failed to raise his army and was outnumbered
• Cromwell was seen as a good leader because he told the cavalry to go back and attack again
• They captured Bristol and found the Kings letters
When did Charles surrender?
March 1646
Where did Charles surrender?
Scotland
He thought he could win them over and cause division between them and parliament
What was people’s reaction the the break out of war?
Most people wanted to stay out of it as much as possible
How many places created neutrality pacts?
22 counties
E.g. Cheshire and Stafford
What we’re the nobility afraid of?
That what happened in Germany would start happening here
The breakdown of social order
What was the Peace Party?
A group formed by Denzil Holles
They wanted a defensive war policy and peace treaty
What was the War Group?
Lead by Sir Herny Vane Junior
They wanted the king to surrender
What was the moderate/ middle group?
They wanted to defeat the king and impose a settlement on him
Included John Pym
What we’re Clubmen?
People who spread stories of what was happening at war
They wore white ribbons and carried clubs
They made petitions for peace
They were targeted by both sides
Who did wales support?
Started of as royalist but moved to parliamentarian at the end of the war
Rural areas were under influence of anti Protestant clergy
Businesses benefited from monopolies
How were the Welsh treated badly?
• Soldiers given less weapons and put at the front
• Underpaid
• 4,500 died in first few months
Why did parliament have difficulty recruiting Welsh?
They printed pamphlets in English
Rural areas had little knowledge of the conflict
Why did economicly advanced areas support parliment?
They benefited from trade
Where did Charles go in Wales 1642?
Wrexham
He made a speech to get support
He gained enough to take Cardiff Castle
Which welsh town declared they would support parliament?
Pembroke
What did Cromwell use Charles’ escape as an excuse for?
Ending debates with levellers and restoring law and order.
What deal did Charles make with Scottland 1647?
The Engagement
Presbyterianism established for 3 years
Suppress radical groups
Army disbanded
Scottish army sent to England to preserve religion and protect the Monarchy
What did parliament introduce in 1648 showing they were no longer willing to comprise?
‘No Further Address’
They were no longer willing to negotiate with the king
What was the Army Remonstrance 1648?
A statement by the army saying they would no longer negotiate and wanted to king to be punished
What was Prides Purge 1648?
After parliament rejected the Army Remonstrance
Colonel Pride and other soldiers blocked MPs who still wanted to make a deal with the king from entering parliament
110 were prevented from entering
What was the rump parliament?
1648
The remaining MPs after Prides Purge who wanted to punish the king
