International Politics 1A - 1C Flashcards
to accept that sth. is true
to acknowledge
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
to acknowledge sth. Are you prepared to acknowledge your responsibility?
a generally acknowledged fact
to acknowledge that… He does not acknowledge that he has done anything wrong.
to acknowledge sth. to be, have, etc. sth. It is generally acknowledged to be true.
(formal) to make sth. necessary or appropriate in a particular situation
syn.: ?
to warrant
/ˈwɒrənt/
syn.: to justify
to warrant sth. The TV appearance was so brief that it hardly warranted comment.
They do not consider the case serious enough to warrant a government enquiry.
to warrant (sb./sth.) doing sth. The situation scarcely warrants their/them being dismissed.
information that is discovered as the result of research into sth.
[usually plural] finding
/ˈfaɪndɪŋ/
- The current study contradicts previous findings.*
- The findings of the commission will be published today.*
- These findings suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.*
(name) a person or group involved in fighting in a war or battle
opp.: ?
combatant
/ˈkɒmbətənt/
opp.: non-combatant
/ˌnɒn ˈkɒmbətənt/
- They come from the combatant nations.*
- He was involved in the war, but not as a combatant.*
- I have never suggested that U.N. forces could physically separate the combatants in the region.*
to perplex or confuse sb., especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations
[usually passive] to bewilder sb.
/bɪˈwɪldə(r)/
- She was totally bewildered by his sudden change of mood.*
- His complete lack of interest in money bewilders his family.*
- He was rather bewildered at seeing her there.*
the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed
syn.: ?
surveillance
/sərˈveɪləns/
syn.: observation
/ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/
- surveillance cameras/equipment*
- The images were covertly captured on surveillance tape.*
- The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance.*
(formal) to find or employ measures to obtain or accomplish sth.; to do sth. or try to achieve sth. over a period of time
to pursue
/pəˈsjuː/
- Certain goals are worth pursuing*
- She wishes to pursue a medical career.*
- We intend to pursue this policy with determination.*
to feel or show that you think sb./sth. is stupid and you do not respect them or it
syn.: ?
to scorn sb./sth.
/skɔːn/
syn.: to dismiss
/dɪsˈmɪs/
- His brother had always scorned him.*
- She scorned their views as old-fashioned.*
- Such methods are scorned by reputable practitioners.*
continuing to exist or develop
[usually before noun] ongoing
/ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/
- an ongoing process*
- The police investigation is ongoing.*
- Training is part of our ongoing career development program.*
sth. that is difficult to understand or explain; a complicated problem
syn.: ?
[usually singular] puzzle
/ˈpʌzl/
syn.: mystery
/ˈmɪstri/
- They are trying to solve the puzzle of how gravity works.*
- The deeper meaning of the poem remains a puzzle.*
- The detectives were beginning to solve the murder. All the pieces in the puzzle were falling neatly into place.*
to force sb. out of a job or position of power, especially in order to take their place
to oust
/aʊst/
She is a strong supporter of the recently ousted president.
to oust sb. (as sth.) He was ousted as chairman.
to oust sb. (from sth.) The rebels (/ˈreblz/) finally managed to oust the government from power.
an understanding of what sth. is like
[countable, uncount.] insight
/ˈɪnsaɪt/
Teachers have to apply in the classroom the insights that they gain in educational courses.
insight into sth. The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.
insight on sth. She has some interesting insights on the principles that have guided US foreign policy.
insight about sth. The book provides important insights about the doctor-patient relationship.
(especially British English) to show that sb. is right or that sth. is true
[phrasal verb; not used in the progressive tenses] to bear (sb./sth. ↔) out
/beə(r) aʊt/
- The other witnesses will bear me out.*
- The other witnesses will bear out what I say.*
- The theory that free trade would increase prosperity was borne out in the postwar economic boom.*
(formal) strong pressure that makes sb. do sth. that they do not want to do
[countable, uncount.] compulsion
/kəmˈpʌlʃn/
The legal system is based on compulsion.
compulsion (to do sth.) You are under no compulsion to pay immediately.
compulsion (on sb.) to do sth. There are no compulsions on students to attend classes.
an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with sb.
agreement
/əˈɡriːmənt/
- an international peace agreement*
- The agreement* (= the document recording the agreement) was signed during a meeting at the UN.
agreement with sb. They have entered into a free trade agreement with Australia.
agreement between A and B. An agreement was finally reached between management and employees.
agreement to do sth. They had an agreement never to talk about work at home.
under an agreement. The software is provided under a license agreement and may not be copied without permission.
a thing that is true, that is considered to be true
[countable] certainty
/ˈsɜːtnti/
- political/moral certainties*
- Her return to the team now seems a certainty.*
- The end of the Cold War marked the collapse of many old political certainties.*
to search a place, making it look untidy and causing damage
syn.: ?
[phrasal verb] to tear sth. apart
/teə(r) əˈpɑːt/
syn.: to rip sth. apart
/rɪp əˈpɑːt/
They tore the room apart, looking for money.
to develop in a successful way
[phrasal verb] to work out
/wɜːk aʊt/
- My first job didn’t work out.*
- Things have worked out quite well for us.*
- I told her I didn’t think things would work out between us.*
to help sth. to happen or develop
syn.: ?
to promote
/prəˈməʊt/
syn.: to encourage
/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/
- policies to promote economic growth*
- The exhibition was intended to promote interest in contemporary sculpture.*
- We think football can help to promote the idea of a multicultural and multiethnic society.*
to defeat sb./sth. by winning a larger number of votes
syn.: ?
[usually passive] to outvote (sb./sth.)
/ˌaʊtˈvəʊt/
syn.: to vote sb./sth. down
/vəʊt daʊn/
- Twice his colleagues have outvoted him.*
- His proposal was outvoted by 10 votes to 8.*
- I didn’t want to sell, but was outvoted by my half-siblings.*
facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisions
[uncountable, plural] data
/ˈdeɪtə/ , /ˈdɑːtə/
- This data was collected from 69 countries.*
- raw data* (= that has not been analysed)
- big data* (= too large or too complex to handle, analyse or use with standard methods)
data on sth. Researchers analysed the data on 2 515 patient visits at the Children’s Hospital.
data for sth. Table 2 provides data for southeast Nebraska.
the importance of sth., especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future
[countable, uncount.] significance
/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
- a decision of major political significance*
- They discussed the statistical significance of the results.*
- We should be fully aware of the significance of television in shaping our ideas.*
(formal) connected with the relationship between two things, where one causes the other to happen
causal
/ˈkɔzl/
- the causal relationship between poverty and disease*
- If a causal link were to be established, then you would be responsible for a war crime*
- These categories overlap one another, of course, and they do not imply any causal effect.*
to give sth. to sb. or allow them to use sth. that belongs to you, which they have to return to you later
syn.: ?
to lend
/lend/
syn.: to loan
/ləʊn/
to lend sth. They will lend equipment free of charge.
to lend sth. to sb. I’ve lent the car to a friend.
to lend out sth. The gallery has been willing to lend out works of art in the past.
to lend sb. sth. Can you lend me £10?
to lend out sth. to sb. The charity lends out toys to children with special needs and disabilities.
to make sth. less severe
syn.: ?
to alleviate sth.
/əˈliːvieɪt/
syn.: to ease
- to alleviate suffering*
- A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.*
- Are we doing enough to alleviate poverty in these countries?*
- These problems have been greatly alleviated by the passing of the new Act.*
to describe sb./sth. in a particular way, especially unfairly
to label (sb./sth.)
/ˈleɪbl/
to label sb./sth. (as.) sth. He was labelled as a traitor by his former colleagues.
She was wrongly labelled a liar.
to label sb./sth. + adj. It is unfair to label a small baby naughty.
(formal) the action of making sb. do sth. that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force
[uncountable] coercion
/kəʊˈɜːʃn/
- He claimed he had only acted under coercion.*
- The army returned to more violent means of coercion.*
- The party dictatorship had terrifying powers of coercion.*
to state clearly and firmly that sth. is true
to assert
/əˈsɜːt/
to assert that… She continued to assert her innocence/that she was innocent.
to assert sth. She continued to assert her innocence.
to assert + speech ‘That is wrong,’ he asserted.
it is asserted that… It is commonly asserted that older people prefer to receive care from family members.
(formal) to be the basis or cause of sth.
[no passive] to underlie sth.
/ˌʌndəˈlaɪ/
- These ideas underlie much of his work.*
- Try to figure out what feeling underlies your anger.*
- It is a principle that underlies all the party’s policies.*
the act of doing or achieving what was hoped for or expected
(US English) also: ?
[uncountable] fulfilment
/fʊlˈfɪlmənt/
(US English) also: fulfillment
- Visiting Angkor was the fulfilment of a childhood dream.*
- Being here is the fulfilment of a lifelong ambition.*
- We will ensure fulfillment of the employer’s obligations towards employees.*
the regular way in which sth. happens or is done
[countable] pattern
/ˈpætn/
- changing patterns of behaviour*
- Their actions follow a very predictable pattern.*
- The murders all seem to follow a pattern* (= happen in the same way).
(formal) to imagine what a situation will be like in the future, especially a situation you intend to work towards
to envision sth.
/ɪnˈvɪʒn/
- They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease.*
- If you can envision your goals, you can achieve those goals.*
- In the future we envision a federation of companies.*
to accept behaviour that is morally wrong or to treat it as if it were not serious
to condone sth. | to condone sb. doing sth.
/kənˈdəʊn/
- Terrorism can never be condoned.*
- I have never encouraged nor condoned violence.*
- The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs.*
easily seen
syn.: ?
prominent
/ˈprɒmɪnənt/
syn.: noticeable
/ˈnəʊtɪsəbl/
- The church tower was a prominent feature in the landscape.*
- The story was given a prominent position on the front page.*
- New books are displayed in a prominent position on tables at the front of the store.*
the ability of an actor to achieve its goals
power
/ˈpaʊə(r)/
- How are citizens involved in the exercise of power?*
- The first shock is your loss of power in front of the children.*
- It must be put into practice by those that have the power to do so.*
to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb.
syn.: ?
to convey
/kənˈveɪ/
syn.: to communicate
/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
to convey sth. Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.
(formal) to convey sth. to sb. Please convey my apologies to your wife.
to convey how, what, etc… He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was.
to convey that… She did not wish to convey that they were all at fault.
a person who sees sth. that is happening but is not involved
syn.: 2
bystander
/ˈbaɪstændə(r)/
syn.: onlooker, witness
/ˈɒnlʊkə(r)/ , /ˈwɪtnəs/
- Three innocent bystanders were killed in the crossfire.*
- The suspect was pictured wielding a knife in a photograph taken by a bystander.*
- Finally he found a pleasant square where he took some pictures of buildings and then asked a bystander to take one of himself.*
(adv.) used to introduce an idea that is different or opposite to the idea that you have stated previously
rather
/ˈrɑːðə(r)/
- The walls were not white, but rather a sort of dirty grey.*
- The problem is not in the whole system, but rather in one small part.*
- But there must be no talk of final victory; rather, the long, hard slog to a solution.*
an amount of sth. that is provided or available to be used
[countable] supply
/səˈplaɪ/
- Supplies of food are almost exhausted.*
- Advances in agriculture increased the food supply.*
- He has an endless supply of corny* (= not original) jokes.
- It is impossible to measure the total supply of money in circulation.*
to have sb./sth. as parts or members
syn.: ?
to comprise
/kəmˈpraɪz/
syn.: consist of
/kənˈsɪst əv/
to comprise sth. The collection comprises 327 paintings.
MCC’s main committee comprises 18 members.
to be comprised of sb./sth.The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.
The task force is comprised of congressional leaders and cabinet heads.
a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest
(officially) also: ?
capital: ?
Syria
/ˈsɪriə/
(officially) also: the Syrian Arab Republic
capital: Damascus
Syria was ranked last on the Global Peace Index from 2016 to 2018, making it the most violent country in the world due to the war.
a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia.
It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel and Palestine to the west.
(officially) also: ?
capital: ?
Jordan
/ˈdʒɔːdn/
(officially) also: the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
capital: Amman
Jordan has been repeatedly referred to as an “oasis of stability” in a turbulent region.
