internal and external mod

Question 1

clinical objectives of orthotics

Answer 1

relieve pain

manage deformities

prevent excessive ROM

inc joint ROM

compensate for abnormalities

manage abnormal neuromuscular function

protect tissue and promote healing

placebo, warmth, feedback

Question 2

functional requirements of orthotics

Answer 2

prevent, reduce or stab a deformity

modify ROM

add length or alter shape

compensate for weak muscles, poor control or hyperactivity

reduce or redistribute load

Question 3

function of foot in gait

Answer 3

shock absorption

adaptation to surfaces

propulsion

Question 4

discuss inserts

Answer 4

for painful or insensitive feet - reduces impact shock and shear

full-length insert - reduces gait unsteadiness by improving proprioception from inc foot contact area

Question 5

discuss metatarsal pads

Answer 5

convex component that can be used c insert

apex should be under metatarsal shafts

Question 6

discuss longitudinal arch support

Answer 6

prevent subtalar joint depression and flattening of arch

for pes planus

Question 7

discuss scaphoid pad

Answer 7

minimum support at medial border of insole

apex should be bet sustentaculum tali and navicular tub

for scaphoid depression and pes planus

Question 8

discuss UCBL inserts

Answer 8

heel cups: inframalleolar to metatarsal heads

use to realign flexible flat foot, immob midfoot fracture and correct posterior tibial malfunction

Question 9

discuss medial heel wedge and thomas heel

Answer 9

for flexible pes valgus and correcting over pronation

anterior border of thomas heel should extend to medial side

Question 10

discuss lateral heel wedge and reverse thomas heel

Answer 10

shifts WB to medial side - compensates for fixed forefoot valgus

allows distal foot to contact the floor

Question 11

discuss cushion heel

Answer 11

absorbs shock upon heel contact

for pts wearing orthosis c rigid ankle

Question 12

discuss shoe lift

Answer 12

for leg length discrepancies para pantay

Question 13

discuss metatarsal bar

Answer 13

placed posterior to metatarsal heads

late stance - bar transfers stress from MTT to the bar

Question 14

discuss rocker bar

Answer 14

attached to sole proximal to metatarsal head - convex transverse band

reduces distance traveled during stance phase

improves late stance and shifting load from MTP to MTT shafts