Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
Intermolecular Forces
binding forces between particles
Ion-Dipole Forces
forces result when an ionic compound dissolves in a polar solvent.
Dipole-dipole Forces
between polar molecules
Hydrogen Bond
between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom with lone electron pairs (N, O, F)
London Dispersion Force
present in all molecules
Involves temporary dipoles
London Dispersion Force
Involves permanent dipoles
Dipole-dipole
Involves permanent dipoles exclusive to N,O,F
Hydrogen bond
Involves full on ion and dipole
Ion-dipole
Melting and Boiling Point
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the MP and BP.
Cohesion
attraction between like molecules
Adhesion
attraction between different molecules
High adhesion between water and test tube
creates concave surface
Viscosity
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the more viscous
Surface Tension
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the more higher the ST
Capillary Action
Ability of a liquid to flow up a thin tube against the influence of gravity.
Adhesive forces
pull the surface liquid up the side of the tube
Cohesive forces
pull the interior liquid with it
High adhesive force between surface and liquid
high capillary action
Solubility
It is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.
Nonpolar substances
hydrophobic
Polar substances
hydrophilic
Amorphous solids
non-uniform intermolecular forces
Crystalline solids
uniform intermolecular forces
The higher the arrangement of particles
The stronger the intramolecular force
