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Physci > Big Bang > Flashcards

Big Bang Flashcards

1
Q

Big bang theory

A

most plausible theory of the origin of universe

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2
Q

13.8 billion years ago

A

Singularity

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3
Q

Singularity

A

entire universe was compressed into a very small ball with infinite density and heat

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4
Q

Inflation

A

singularity expanded so fast it appeared as an explosion

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5
Q

separation of strong nuclear force

A

Inflation

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6
Q

what resulted from singularity

A

space, matter, time, energy

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7
Q

Formation of Matter and Antimatter

A

Equal amounts of quarks and antiquarks or
matters and antimatters formed.

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8
Q

Does antimatter still exist?

A

no, but can be made synthetically

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9
Q

Why is there no more antimatter?

A

matter and antimatter cancelled each other. (they had a ratio of 1 billion 1 matter: 1 billion antimatter)

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10
Q

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

A

cooling of the universe resulted in quarks cooling down and allowing them to bind together, forming protons and neutrons

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11
Q

Elements formed from big bang nucleosynthesis

A

hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium

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12
Q

Heat death

A

no heat = no energy; everything will disappear eventually

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13
Q

Particle annihilation

A

matter + antimatter = energy

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14
Q

Baryogenesis

A

Quarks and antiquarks or matters and antimatters annihilate each other
upon contact. quarks survive, which will ultimately combine to form matter.

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15
Q

Law of charges

A

same charges repel, different charges attract

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16
Q

Recombination

A

The universe’s temperature and density continue to fall, and ionized hydrogen and helium atoms capture electrons. Universe becomes transparent to light due to electrons being bound to atoms.

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17
Q

Composition of the universe after recombination

A

75% hydrogen, 25% helium, trace amounts of lithium

18
Q

Dark Ages

A

No formation of stars or collision of something
or anything. the universe became dormant and dark

19
Q

Formation of Stars and Galaxies

A

hydrogen gas gets clumped together and put under pressure by gravity. stars formed.

20
Q

Fundamental forces

A

Gravitational, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, strong nuclear

21
Q

Gravitational

A

acts on all objects with mass

22
Q

Weak nuclear

A

nuclear decay

23
Q

Electromagnetic

A

interaction between charged particles

24
Q

Strong nuclear

A

binds nucleon (protons & neutrons) in the nucleus

25
Q

Weakest force

A

gravitational

26
Q

Strongest force

A

strong nuclear

27
Q

Big bang nucleosynthesis

A

hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of lithium

28
Q

Formation of light elements

A

Big bang nucleosynthesis

29
Q

Stellar nucleosynthesis

A

Lithium to Iron (3 - 26)

30
Q

Formation of heavy elements

A

Stellar nucleosynthesis

31
Q

Supernova nucleosynthesis

A

Cobalt to Uranium (27 - 92)

32
Q

Nuclear Fusion

A

nucleus + nucleus = larger nuclei (H - Fe)

33
Q

Nuclear Fission

A

nucleus splits into small nuclei (Co - U); used in nuclear powerplants

34
Q

Proton-proton chain

A

average star: H –> He

35
Q

CNO cycle

A

massive star: H –> He

36
Q

Tri-alpha

A

once a star uses up the hydrogen in its core, the pp chain and CNO cycle stops

37
Q

Alpha Ladder

A

A star accumulates more mass and
grows into a red supergiant. H –> Fe (and everything in between)

38
Q

Supernova

A

last phase of a dying star’s life; when a star cannot have nuclear fusion

39
Q

products of supernova

A

cobalt to uranium

40
Q

Neutron Capture

A

Neuron particle is added to the seed nucleus of
iron.

41
Q

S-process

A

A slow rate of capturing neutrons while
there is a faster rate of radioactive
decay

42
Q

R-process

A

A faster rate of capturing neutrons
before they undergo radioactive decay.
Thus, more neutrons can be combined
in the nucleus.

Physci (7 decks)

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