ELECTRON CONFIGURATION, ORBITAL DIAGRAM, AND QUANTUM NUMBERS Flashcards
Electronic Orbitals
Regions within the atom in which electrons
have the highest probability of being found
Electron Configuration
how electrons are distributed in its orbitals
Orbitals
SPDF
S orbital
Sharp
P orbital
Principal
D orbital
Diffusion
F orbital
Fundamental
Aufbau Principle
electrons should occupy first the orbitals with lower energy before those
with higher energy
Pauli Exclusion Principle
no two electrons in an atom can
possess the same set of quantum
numbers or spin (bawal parehong up or down sa isang box)
Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity
every orbital in a subshell is occupied
with one electron before any orbital is
doubly occupied (all orbitals should have up spin before it has a down spin)
Noble Gas
Has entire outer electron shell, which makes it
non-reactive
Doesn’t need other elements to be stable
noble gas
ends in 1s^2
Helium
ends in 2p^6
Neon
ends in 3p^6
Argon
ends in 4p^6
Krypton
ends in 5p^6
Xenon
ends in 6p^6
Radon
Quantum numbers
describes the orbitals in which electrons can be found
Principle Quantum number
n
Describes the size and energy of the orbital
Principle Quantum number
1-7 (follow the last orbital)
Principle Quantum number
Angular/Azimuthal Quantum Number
l
shape of the orbital
Angular/Azimuthal Quantum Number
p orbital (l)
1
s orbital (l)
0
d orbital (l)
2
f orbital (l)
3
s orbital (l) shape
spherical
p orbital (l) shape
two lobes
d orbital (l) shape
four lobes
f orbital (l) shape
eight lobes
Magnetic Quantum Number
ml
Orientation of the orbital in space
Magnetic Quantum number
s orbital (ml)
ml = 0
p orbital (ml)
ml = -1, 0, 1
d orbital (ml)
ml = -2. -1, 0, 1, 2
f orbital (ml)
ml = -3, -2. -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
Spin Quantum Number
ms
Spinning motion of electron when placed in an external magnetic field
Spin Quantum Number
Last arrow up
ms = 1/2
Last arrow down
ms = -1/2