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PHTY 204 > Interdependence Of Factors Influencing Development > Flashcards

Interdependence Of Factors Influencing Development Flashcards

0
Q

What are piagets phases

A

Sensorimotor: birth- 2 yr
Preoperational thought: 2-7 yr
Concrete operations: 7-11 yr
Formal operations: 11 onwards

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1
Q

Development is..

A

Complex interactive process
Unique pattern in every child
Progressions is an orderly but broad sequence

Changes that occur from conception to full maturity
Simple function to complex function

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2
Q

What is sensorimotor phase

A

Basic assimilation and schematic formation through movement

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3
Q

What is preoperational thought

A

Using physical activity to learn

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4
Q

What are concrete operations

A

Intellectual experiment through play

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5
Q

What is formal operation phase

A

Abstract thought, logical reasoning

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6
Q

Eriksons stages of psychosocial development

A 
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs doubt and shame 
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs role confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs self absorbed
Integrity vs despair
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7
Q

When does movement begin?

A 
In uterine 
Kicking, pushing
Rolling
Walking 
Fine motor
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8
Q

What movement at birth

A

Primary repertoire of species specific behaviours

Sensory and motor systems operational

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9
Q

What happens when an infant is on their back?

A

Fully extended

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10
Q

What happens when an infant is on its stomach?

A

Curled up

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11
Q

What are infant patterns of movement

A

Attitudinal reflexes influences postural control

Rooting, sucking, mouthing reflexes facilitate first fees

Reflexes in response to somatosensory input

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12
Q

What is an asymmetrical tonic reflex?

A

Turn head
➡️ipsilateral body extends
➡️contra lateral body flexed

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13
Q

What are the infantile reflexes?

A 
Tonic neck reflex
Step reflex
Grasp reflex
Crawl reflex
Moro reflex
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14
Q

When does step reflex disappear?

A

4/5 months

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15
Q

How does motor development progress in the first weeks?

A

Reflex axtion➡️ experience➡️ strength and planning ➡️ first volitional motor responses ➡️ adaptive reactions

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16
Q

When does the first smile occur and what does this require?

A

6 weeks

Vision competent
Psychosocial competent
Cognitive competent

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17
Q

How does control of posture against gravity develop in the first months?

A

Head righting - prone- 2-3 mo
Head righting - prone on elbow-4mo
Head righting - supported sit

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18
Q

How does first planned movement (manipulation) progress

A

Grasp in response to touch

Grasp and regard

Grasp a sighted target 4mo

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19
Q

How does locomotion progress?

A

General movement in response to sensory stimulus

Experience with turning head and reaching across body

Planned roll 4-6 mo

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20
Q

How does planned volitional action manifest in a 3 mo

A

Developing stability + developing planned action

= interactive play. Purposeful engagement with others and the environment

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21
Q

How does a child sit at five months

A

Propped sit
Unable to use hands

Much improved ability to observe action/interaction

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22
Q

How does a child sit at six months

A

Ring sit
High guard positioning of ULs
Greatly increased ability to interact with (manipulate) environment
Choices, problem solving, receptive language

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23
Q

How does a child sit and interact with environment at eight months

A

Steady sit
Variety of sitting postures
Able to rotate trunk and reach with arms
Reaches to be picked up, pulls a string to get a toy

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24
When does a child ring sit
6 mo
25
When does a child propped sit
5 no
26
When does a child steady sit
8 mo
27
How does increasing mobility encourage development
Increasing mobility ➡️ increasing interaction with others and environment➡️ impacts motor, psychosocial, cognitive Dx
28
What is the prone progression of an infant?
Travel: Purposeful segmental roll 6-8 mo Exploration: Reciprocal Creep 6-8 months (With control of lower trunk and pelvis) Interaction: Crawl for mobility 8-10 months (Develops sense of other)
29
Progression of stand
Transition: Pull to stand (trunk and pelvis increasingly reliable supports - allows freedom of LL activities) 9-10 months Exploration: Cruise 10-14 months ``` Interaction: Free stand (50% population) 10.5 months ```
30
Progression of walking
``` Transition: First steps (50%pop) 11 months ``` ``` Exploration: Independent walk (50% pop) 11.5 months ``` Interaction: Mature walk 3.5 years
31
Social, cognitive and language for indecent 1 year old
Social: Independence Enjoys shared attention Cognitive: Object permanence Abstract representations Follow 1 step instruction Language: Comminicate with gesture 1 word competence Knows own name
32
Motor cognitive and language 18 mo
Motor: Squat, stoop, trot Ball play Controlled release Cognitive: Repetition: in/out Puzzles Visual perceptual development Language: Body parts Nursery rhymes
33
Erkison and Piaget stages for 2 year old
Eriksons psychosocial Dx: Autonomy Doubt Piaget cognitive Dx: Preoperational thought Using a physical activity to learn
34
How is a two year old disadvantaged if not competent in motor control
Eriksons autonomy vs doubt | Disadvantaged as cannot separately independently from parents
35
Social 2 yo
Self and other Frustration Emotional Plays beside
36
Two year old cognitive
Concepts : matches (categories) Follows two step direction
37
Two year old language
Two word phrases | Request
38
Two year old motor
Stairs Kicks Jump 2 feet Ball into bucket
39
Psychosocial and cognitive preschool aged child
Eriksons psychosocial Dx: Initiative Guilt "Play age" Piaget cognitive Dx: Preoperational thought Using physical activity to learn
40
3 yo social development
Imitates Shares Takes turns Delays gratification
41
3 yo cognitive milestone
Concepts: big/little Draws a face Make believe
42
3 yo language milestone
Sentences Gender, age What/where/who Why?5
43
3 yo motor milestones
Stand on one leg Walk a line Immature catch
44
4 yo social milestones
Plays with Learns boundaries Constructive and creative play
45
Cognitive milestones 4 yo
Abstract concepts | Draws a stick man
46
Language milestones 4 yo
Stories Grammar Yesterday, today, tomorrow Jokes
47
Motor milestones 4 yo
Hop Catch Tripod pencil grasp
48
Social milestones by school age
Empathetic Has special friends Caring Ordered
49
School age: cognitive milestones
Abstract tasks Time concepts Numbers
50
Language by school age
Abstract Money, L/R Reports Name/address
51
Motor skills by school age
5: gallops/catches in hands 6 yo: skips/cup catch/ skill Dx
52
Eriksons and Piaget stage primary school age
Eriksons psychosocial Industry Inferiority "Learning new skills" stage Piaget cognitive Dx: Concrete operations Intellectual experimentation through play
53
Movement and growth neural structures during development
During development, synaptic connections developed and fine tuned- especially during critical periods of development
54
Neural structures during adolescence
Myelination of frontal lobe Structural and functional reorganisation influences: ``` Cognitive and control of emotions Memory Timing of motor and cognitive sequences Executive functions: Reasoning Planning Impulse control Awareness ```
55
Musculoskeletal structures debeloent
WB and exercise stimulates bone growth and alignment Tension of muscles on bones are essential for : - bone development - joint alignment - density of Bone Movement is essential for joint nutrition : compression stimulates production of synovial fluid
56
When is skeleton most vulnerable
During periods of growth | First few years ++ , middle childhood and adolescence
57
What causes asymmetrical growth
Asymmetrical forces
58
When does the skeleton grow?
Most rapid in first two years Slows during childhood (except for smaller growth spurt in middle childhood) Rapid growth adolescence Cessation at approx 14 in girls and16 yrs boys
59
When does major mm development occur
4th foetal month- birth
60
What stimulates muscle growth
Bone growth passively stretches and stimulates
61
Spinal curves at birth, 3-6 months and 8 months
Primary flexor curves at birth 3-5 months : move cervical extension curves 8 months: Mobile lumbar extension
62
Key points for motor development
Empowers interaction with others, the task and the environment Stability, manipulation, locomotion Occurs in milestones In synchrony with development in other spheres

PHTY 204 (8 decks)

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