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PHTY 204 > Interdependence Of Factors Influencing Development > Flashcards

Interdependence Of Factors Influencing Development Flashcards

0
Q

What are piagets phases

A

Sensorimotor: birth- 2 yr
Preoperational thought: 2-7 yr
Concrete operations: 7-11 yr
Formal operations: 11 onwards

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1
Q

Development is..

A

Complex interactive process
Unique pattern in every child
Progressions is an orderly but broad sequence

Changes that occur from conception to full maturity
Simple function to complex function

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2
Q

What is sensorimotor phase

A

Basic assimilation and schematic formation through movement

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3
Q

What is preoperational thought

A

Using physical activity to learn

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4
Q

What are concrete operations

A

Intellectual experiment through play

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5
Q

What is formal operation phase

A

Abstract thought, logical reasoning

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6
Q

Eriksons stages of psychosocial development

A 
Trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs doubt and shame 
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs role confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs self absorbed
Integrity vs despair
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7
Q

When does movement begin?

A 
In uterine 
Kicking, pushing
Rolling
Walking 
Fine motor
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8
Q

What movement at birth

A

Primary repertoire of species specific behaviours

Sensory and motor systems operational

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9
Q

What happens when an infant is on their back?

A

Fully extended

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10
Q

What happens when an infant is on its stomach?

A

Curled up

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11
Q

What are infant patterns of movement

A

Attitudinal reflexes influences postural control

Rooting, sucking, mouthing reflexes facilitate first fees

Reflexes in response to somatosensory input

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12
Q

What is an asymmetrical tonic reflex?

A

Turn head
➡️ipsilateral body extends
➡️contra lateral body flexed

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13
Q

What are the infantile reflexes?

A 
Tonic neck reflex
Step reflex
Grasp reflex
Crawl reflex
Moro reflex
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14
Q

When does step reflex disappear?

A

4/5 months

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15
Q

How does motor development progress in the first weeks?

A

Reflex axtion➡️ experience➡️ strength and planning ➡️ first volitional motor responses ➡️ adaptive reactions

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16
Q

When does the first smile occur and what does this require?

A

6 weeks

Vision competent
Psychosocial competent
Cognitive competent

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17
Q

How does control of posture against gravity develop in the first months?

A

Head righting - prone- 2-3 mo
Head righting - prone on elbow-4mo
Head righting - supported sit

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18
Q

How does first planned movement (manipulation) progress

A

Grasp in response to touch

Grasp and regard

Grasp a sighted target 4mo

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19
Q

How does locomotion progress?

A

General movement in response to sensory stimulus

Experience with turning head and reaching across body

Planned roll 4-6 mo

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20
Q

How does planned volitional action manifest in a 3 mo

A

Developing stability + developing planned action

= interactive play. Purposeful engagement with others and the environment

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21
Q

How does a child sit at five months

A

Propped sit
Unable to use hands

Much improved ability to observe action/interaction

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22
Q

How does a child sit at six months

A

Ring sit
High guard positioning of ULs
Greatly increased ability to interact with (manipulate) environment
Choices, problem solving, receptive language

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23
Q

How does a child sit and interact with environment at eight months

A

Steady sit
Variety of sitting postures
Able to rotate trunk and reach with arms
Reaches to be picked up, pulls a string to get a toy

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24
Q

When does a child ring sit

A

6 mo

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25
Q

When does a child propped sit

A

5 no

26
Q

When does a child steady sit

A

8 mo

27
Q

How does increasing mobility encourage development

A

Increasing mobility ➡️ increasing interaction with others and environment➡️ impacts motor, psychosocial, cognitive Dx

28
Q

What is the prone progression of an infant?

A

Travel:

Purposeful segmental roll 6-8 mo
Exploration:

Reciprocal Creep 6-8 months
(With control of lower trunk and pelvis)

Interaction:
Crawl for mobility 8-10 months
(Develops sense of other)

29
Q

Progression of stand

A

Transition:
Pull to stand (trunk and pelvis increasingly reliable supports - allows freedom of LL activities)
9-10 months

Exploration:
Cruise 10-14 months

Interaction:
Free stand (50% population) 10.5 months
30
Q

Progression of walking

A 
Transition:
First steps (50%pop) 11 months 
Exploration:
Independent walk (50% pop) 11.5 months

Interaction:
Mature walk 3.5 years

31
Q

Social, cognitive and language for indecent 1 year old

A

Social:
Independence
Enjoys shared attention

Cognitive:
Object permanence
Abstract representations
Follow 1 step instruction

Language:
Comminicate with gesture
1 word competence
Knows own name

32
Q

Motor cognitive and language 18 mo

A

Motor:
Squat, stoop, trot
Ball play
Controlled release

Cognitive:
Repetition: in/out
Puzzles
Visual perceptual development

Language:
Body parts
Nursery rhymes

33
Q

Erkison and Piaget stages for 2 year old

A

Eriksons psychosocial Dx:
Autonomy
Doubt

Piaget cognitive Dx:
Preoperational thought
Using a physical activity to learn

34
Q

How is a two year old disadvantaged if not competent in motor control

A

Eriksons autonomy vs doubt

Disadvantaged as cannot separately independently from parents

35
Q

Social 2 yo

A

Self and other
Frustration
Emotional
Plays beside

36
Q

Two year old cognitive

A

Concepts : matches (categories)

Follows two step direction

37
Q

Two year old language

A

Two word phrases

Request

38
Q

Two year old motor

A

Stairs
Kicks
Jump 2 feet
Ball into bucket

39
Q

Psychosocial and cognitive preschool aged child

A

Eriksons psychosocial Dx:
Initiative
Guilt
“Play age”

Piaget cognitive Dx:
Preoperational thought
Using physical activity to learn

40
Q

3 yo social development

A

Imitates
Shares
Takes turns
Delays gratification

41
Q

3 yo cognitive milestone

A

Concepts: big/little

Draws a face

Make believe

42
Q

3 yo language milestone

A

Sentences
Gender, age
What/where/who
Why?5

43
Q

3 yo motor milestones

A

Stand on one leg
Walk a line
Immature catch

44
Q

4 yo social milestones

A

Plays with
Learns boundaries
Constructive and creative play

45
Q

Cognitive milestones 4 yo

A

Abstract concepts

Draws a stick man

46
Q

Language milestones 4 yo

A

Stories
Grammar
Yesterday, today, tomorrow
Jokes

47
Q

Motor milestones 4 yo

A

Hop
Catch
Tripod pencil grasp

48
Q

Social milestones by school age

A

Empathetic
Has special friends
Caring
Ordered

49
Q

School age: cognitive milestones

A

Abstract tasks
Time concepts
Numbers

50
Q

Language by school age

A

Abstract
Money, L/R

Reports
Name/address

51
Q

Motor skills by school age

A

5: gallops/catches in hands

6 yo: skips/cup catch/ skill Dx

52
Q

Eriksons and Piaget stage primary school age

A

Eriksons psychosocial
Industry
Inferiority

“Learning new skills” stage

Piaget cognitive Dx:
Concrete operations

Intellectual experimentation through play

53
Q

Movement and growth neural structures during development

A

During development, synaptic connections developed and fine tuned- especially during critical periods of development

54
Q

Neural structures during adolescence

A

Myelination of frontal lobe

Structural and functional reorganisation influences:

Cognitive and control of emotions
Memory
Timing of motor and cognitive sequences
Executive functions:
Reasoning
Planning
Impulse control 
Awareness
55
Q

Musculoskeletal structures debeloent

A

WB and exercise stimulates bone growth and alignment

Tension of muscles on bones are essential for :

  • bone development
  • joint alignment
  • density of Bone

Movement is essential for joint nutrition : compression stimulates production of synovial fluid

56
Q

When is skeleton most vulnerable

A

During periods of growth

First few years ++ , middle childhood and adolescence

57
Q

What causes asymmetrical growth

A

Asymmetrical forces

58
Q

When does the skeleton grow?

A

Most rapid in first two years

Slows during childhood (except for smaller growth spurt in middle childhood)

Rapid growth adolescence

Cessation at approx 14 in girls and16 yrs boys

59
Q

When does major mm development occur

A

4th foetal month- birth

60
Q

What stimulates muscle growth

A

Bone growth passively stretches and stimulates

61
Q

Spinal curves at birth, 3-6 months and 8 months

A

Primary flexor curves at birth
3-5 months : move cervical extension curves
8 months:
Mobile lumbar extension

62
Q

Key points for motor development

A

Empowers interaction with others, the task and the environment

Stability, manipulation, locomotion

Occurs in milestones

In synchrony with development in other spheres

PHTY 204 (8 decks)

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