Emergence And Development Of Gait Flashcards

0
Q

What are the attributes of hair?

A
  1. Stability in single leg stance
  2. Sufficient foot clearance
  3. Pre-positioning of the foot for initial contact
  4. Adequate step length
  5. Energy conservation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What limits mobility development

A

Limited by natural of slowest components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attributes of mature gait?

A

Adult like control

  1. Reflexive arm swing
  2. Narrow base of support
  3. Relaxed elongated gait
  4. Minimal vertical lift
  5. Definitive heel-toe strike
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the stages of gait

A

Mcgraws seven phases of erect locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lower limb alignment of a newborn

A

Moderates genu varum

Eversion due to Morris inclination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the first steps

A

Little push off from stance
Frontal plane of motion
Walks by falling (inadequate hip strength)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe how balance is maintained first few steps

A

Short swing (poor uni pedal balance)

Instability countered wide base and high arms

Posture influenced by body alignment and joint Rom.
-wide base if support, hip abd, flex, ER, genu varum, mild int tib torsion, heel Eversion

COM at low thoracic level, head proportionally large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characteristics of gait 18 months-2 years

A

Varum resolved at tibiofemoral joint

Normal BOS
Movement in sagittal plane
Heel strike emerging
Rapid LL growth (COM and cadence)

Improved efficiency of gait:
- knee flexion wave emerging in initial stance with emergence of heel strike action

Heel remains everted
Support phase still limited
[probably still using a lot of hip and knee flexion]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role of experience 18 mo- 2 years gait.

A

Experience explains approximately 25% variance in improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much do 2 year olds walk

A

9000/day 29 football fields, six hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gait 3-6 years

A

Femoral ante version decreasing
Heel Eversion decreasing but stk apparent
3 yo posture= tibiofemoral valgus
COM still higher than adult

(Postural control still immature)

[fairly mature hips, less mature knees.
Approaching adult like gait at 4 yo]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stance and swingphase3-6 yo

A

Adult % spent in single leg stance by 4 yo
Narrowed BOS: pelvic span/ankle spread ratio = adult knee flexion wave present but not mature)

Swing:
Heel strike present

Joint angles mature into adult pattern but joint torque and propulsion immature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristics of gait 7 years

A

Kinematic, joint torque and propulsion similar to adult.
Alignment= adult alignment

COM L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gait from 7 years to puberty

A

Increases in strength, coordination and efficiency of fair

Increase energy expenditure- 02 consumption higher prepuberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Description of an objects movement

A

Linear displacements
Angular displacements
Velocities
Acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spatial characteristics

A

Stride/step length
Step width
Foot progression angle

16
Q

Temporal characteristics

A

Cycle time
Cadence
Velocity

17
Q

Kinematic analysis

A

Analysis of forces that cause movement

Internal:
-muscle activity
Ligaments
Friction in muscles and joints

External forces:
Grf
External loads

18
Q

Difference muscles used by novice

And experienced walkers

A

Novice: more hip mm
Experienced:
Uses more distal plantar flexion for power generation

19
Q

Analysis and measurements of gait

A

Kinematics
Kinetics
Estimation of energy expenditure

Measures of walking capacity
Observational gait analysis
Tests of motor proficiency/performance

20
Q

Measurement of Kinematics

A

Film, footprint recording
Electogoniomentry, instrumented walkway
Gait labs- kinematic system analysis

21
Q

Measurement kinetics

A

Force platform/plates

Electromyography

22
Q

Measurement energy expenditure

A

Gas analysis
O2
Consumption

23
Q

Measurement walking capacity in childhood

A

Timed tests

6 MWT, 10 metre walk

24
Q

Observation gait analysis

A

Frontal/ side view

Swing/stance phase

25
Q

Tests of motor proficiency in childhood

A

GMFM

Bayley scale of infant development
Paediatric evaluation of disability inventory