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PHTY 204 > Emergence Of Development Of Gross Motor Skills > Flashcards

Emergence Of Development Of Gross Motor Skills Flashcards

0
Q

What is needed for rolling

A 
Mobility
Development of trunk control/strength
GM development
Motor planning
Rotation needed for change of posture
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1
Q

What affects early mobility

A

Variability.

It exists in timing and sequential nature of the emergence of GM skills

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2
Q

How does rolling lead to other postures

A

Control of trunk rotation leads to trunk control for sitting, crawling and creeping

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3
Q

What are rate limiting factors for mobility

A 
Limited by maturation of slowest component
Strength to support weight
Adapt to changing environment
Complex muscle action
Adequate stability
Control of weight shift
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4
Q

How does mobility devote

A

Primary repertoire
Kicking, neonatal stepping, locomotor rhythms in embryo

Development:
Cephalocaudal
Prox to distal joints
Coupled to uncoupled
Intra to inter limb coordination

➡️➡️
More adult like dissociated pattern of joint action

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5
Q

What are growing related mobility rate limiting factors

A

Changes in body proportion:
Rate of growth fastest in extremities. Inertia of limb segment triples in first 6 months

Strength weight ratio:

First 8 months disproportionate contribution of fat to overall mass (25%)

Changes in body alignment:

ROM at hops, genu varum at knees, everted talocrural mortice

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6
Q

What is the primary constraint on emerging locomotor behaviours?

A

Postural control

Beginner walker pattern = experienced walker on slippery surface

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7
Q

What are the PC demands of locomotion

A

Weight shift- adaptive positive supporting reaction on the WB
Limb with non supporting reaction of nwb limb

  • adaptive systems for equilibrium control
  • anticipatory and intergrative postural adjustments
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8
Q

What is the prone postural control progression

A

Head control in prone 1-3 months

Should girdle control and weight shift
4 months

Purposeful roll emerging with trunk control and reach
4-9 months

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9
Q

What is the progression of creep to crawl

A

Trunk control extends to thorax + propulsion
➡️
Trunk control extends to pelvis + propulsion
➡️
Crawl!
8 months

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10
Q

Transition from creep/crawl to stand

A

Creep/crawl
Note the impetus of motivation➡️

Sit
Transitioning involves control of trunk rotation, proprioceptive drive➡️

Stand
Easier for babies who crawl, are already half way up
Automatic placing and supporting reactions

Influence of extensor thrust

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11
Q

What systems are being for pull to stand and stand to sit?

A

Pull to stand - visual drive

Stand to sit- proprioceptive

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12
Q

Three components required for successful early locomotion

A

Ability to generate rhythmic stepping pattern

Postural control permitting orientation and stability

Ability to adapt to changing task and environment requirements

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13
Q

How experience helps develop a mature gait pattern

A 
Weight shift  competency 
➡️
Adaptive system for equilibrium control
➡️
Reciprocal muscle action
➡️
Maturing gait pattern
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14
Q

Why is environment important in motor control development

A

Motivation for mobility

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15
Q

Why is experience in a variety of environments essential for adaptive PC and motor planning

A

Allows for development of repertoire of strategies

Extends sensorimotor processing competences

Ability to assess the sm characteristics of task and environment and select appropriate PC strategy

16
Q

GM skills 18 mo to 3 year progression

A

Squat to stand, trots, kneels, walks backwards
18 mo
➡️
Kick, jump two feet together, runs, walks with hell strike

2 years
➡️

Stand on one leg 3 secs, upstairs with alternate foot, turns on the spot, rides a scooter

3 year

17
Q

GM skills 4 to

A

Hops, jumps a hurdle and lands the jump steady, catches, rides a trike

18
Q

GM skills 5 years

A

Gallops, rides a bike, bounce catch

19
Q

GM skills 6 year old

A

Skips, step and a hop. Cup catch, toss a ball up and catch

20
Q

Demands of gallop

A

Task: mobility and stability demands of the task
Weight shift demand

Environment
Individual 
Action: strength and PC demands
Perception
Cognition: planning demand

PHTY 204 (8 decks)

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