Interactions Among Species

Question 1

Natural selection from biotic environment

Answer 1

Resources
Competitors
Enemies
Mutualists
Symbiosis

Question 2

Coevolution

Answer 2

Evolution of one species affecting evolution of another species

Question 3

Specific coevolution

Answer 3

Two species evolve in response to each other

Question 4

Diffuse coevolution

Answer 4

Occurs when several species are involved and their effects are not independent

Question 5

Escape and radiate coevolution

Answer 5

A species evolves a defense against enemies and is thereby able to radiate into diverse descendent species, to which different enemies may later adapt

Question 6

Red queen hypothesis

Answer 6

Taxa become extinct at a constant rate as they fail to evolve as fast as other taxa with which they have antagonistic interactions

Question 7

Red queen coevolution

Answer 7

Escalation or oscillation

Question 8

Oscillation coevolution

Answer 8

Prey trait evolves in one direction -> predator trait tracks

Prey trait evolves in other direction (energy cost too high)

Question 9

Aposematic colouration

Answer 9

Bright colours that signal distastefulness or toxicity

Question 10

Müllerian mimicry

Answer 10

Two or more unpalatable species are co-mimics and jointly reinforce aversion by predators
Positive frequency dependent selection

Question 11

Batesian mimicry

Answer 11

A palatable species resembles an unpalatable species

Negative frequency dependent model